Hierarchical approach to aggregate equilibria

Hierarchical approach to aggregate equilibria
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总体均衡的分层方法

DOI:
10.1103/physrevresearch.1.033081
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Mulderig, Andrew
Mulderig, Andrew
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vogtt, Karsten;Beaucage, Gregory;Rishi, Kabir;Jiang, Hanqiu;Mulderig, Andrew

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分级聚集通常被视为受动力学增长规律支配的动力学现象,例如在Smoluchowski方程中,并使用扩散或反应限制的动力学增长模型来建模。一些聚集体,特别是那些由表面接枝或表面活性剂控制的聚集体,表现出可逆的稳定性。对于这些平衡的聚集体,提出了一个简单的热力学模型来描述其尺寸分布以及聚集的焓和熵。该模型使用平均聚集度作为中心量化参数。这里是反映聚集体中结构的层级的指数,例如,由晶体()、聚集的初级粒子()、聚集体()和聚集体的聚集体()组成。每个能级的吉布斯聚集自由能的变化由()给出。这个表达式是有利的,因为聚集度是在小角中子和X射线散射中直接确定的,通过透射电子显微镜、模拟或通过光谱分析来确定。原子层次模型能够理解平衡聚集的机制,因为它提供了在每个结构/热力学水平上的聚集熵和聚集热的表达式。该模型可以扩展到描述与工业相关的材料,如缩聚聚合物的假平衡。还简要介绍了其在有机颜料和蠕虫状胶束中的应用。
Hierarchical aggregation is generally viewed as a kinetic phenomenon governed by kinetic growth laws, such as in the Smoluchowski equation, and modeled using diffusion or reaction limited kinetic growth models. Some aggregates, especially those controlled by surface grafting or surfactants, display reversible stability. For these equilibrated aggregates a simple thermodynamic model is proposed to describe the size distribution and the enthalpy and entropy of aggregation. The model uses the average degree of aggregation,, as the central quantifying parameter. Hereis an index reflecting the hierarchical level of structure in an aggregate, for instance, composed of crystals (), clustered primary particles (), aggregates (), and agglomerates of aggregates (). A change in Gibbs free energy for aggregation is given byfor each level (). This expression is advantageous since the degree of aggregation is directly determined in small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering, by transmission electron microscopy, simulation, or through spectroscopy. The atomistic hierarchical model enables an understanding of the mechanism of equilibrium aggregation since it provides expressions for entropy and enthalpy of aggregation at each structural/thermodynamic level. The model can be extended to describe pseudoequilibrium for industrially relevant materials such as condensation polymers. Applications in organic pigments and wormlike micelles are also briefly demonstrated.
聚集体系的多分散性
DOI: --
发表时间: 1992
期刊:
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月桂醇聚醚-1-硫酸钠蠕虫状胶束的断裂自由能。
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