Legionella pneumophila: From potable water to treated greywater; quantification and removal during treatment
Legionella pneumophila: From potable water to treated greywater; quantification and removal during treatment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.121
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发表时间：
2015-11-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Friedler, Eran
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blanky, Marina;Rodriguez-Martinez, Sara;Friedler, Eran
灰水是一种替代水源，有助于减轻水资源枯竭的压力。灰水再利用的主要选择是冲厕所和花园灌溉，两者都会产生气溶胶。因此，军团菌等可吸入病原体的传播存在潜在风险。为了加深对灰水中军团菌的了解，我们在以色列北部的四所房屋中，从饮用水系统到灰水处理的最后步骤，季节性地追踪了病原体。对物理化学和微生物参数进行分析，以评估背景灰水质量并确定与军团菌的可能关联。从饮用水系统中分离出的嗜肺军团菌在冷水和热水中的平均浓度分别为 6.4 x 10(2) 和 5.9 x 10(3) cfu/l。通过修改从饮用水中分离军团菌的 ISO 协议，我们成功地量化了灰水中的军团菌。在原始、经过处理和经过处理的氯化灰水中发现的军团菌平均浓度分别为 1.2 x 10(5)、2.4 x 10(4) 和 5.7 x 10(3) cfu/l。虽然饮用水中的军团菌计数呈现季节性模式，夏季浓度较高，但灰水中的军团菌计数呈现几乎相反的模式。灰水处理使军团菌数量减少了 95%。饮用水和经过处理的氯化灰水中的军团菌浓度没有发现显着差异。这些发现表明，对于军团菌，重复使用经过处理的氯化灰水所带来的风险与将饮用水用于相同的非饮用水用途所带来的风险非常相似。 (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Greywater is an alternative water source that can help alleviate stress on depleted water resources. The main options for greywater reuse are toilet flushing and garden irrigation, both producing aerosols. For that reason transmission of inhalable pathogens like Legionella present a potential risk. To improve the understanding about Legionella in greywater, we traced the pathogen seasonally from the potable water system to the final steps of the greywater treatment in four houses in northern Israel. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed in order to assess background greywater quality and to establish possible associations with Legionella. The mean concentrations of Legionella pneumophila isolated from the potable water system were 6.4 x 10(2) and 5.9 x 10(3) cfu/l in cold and hot water respectively. By amending the ISO protocol for Legionella isolation from drinking water, we succeeded in quantifying Legionella in greywater. The mean Legionella concentrations that were found in raw, treated and treated chlorinated greywater were 1.2 x 10(5), 2.4 x 10(4) and 5.7 x 10(3) cfu/l respectively. While Legionella counts in potable water presented a seasonal pattern with high concentrations in summer, its counts in greywater presented an almost inversed pattern. Greywater treatment resulted in 95% decrease in Legionella counts. No significant difference was found between Legionella concentrations in potable water and the treated chlorinated greywater. These findings indicate that regarding Legionella, reusing treated chlorinated greywater would exhibit a risk that is very similar to the risk associated with using potable water for the same non-potable uses. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.