Individual Differences and Probabilistic Constraints in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
Individual Differences and Probabilistic Constraints in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
复制标题
句法歧义消解中的个体差异和概率约束
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. MacDonald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Pearlmutter;M. MacDonald
摘要两个实验考察了阅读广度的个体差异在歧义句子理解中的作用，这些歧义句子是通过简单的句法解释解决的。先前的研究表明，高阅读广度但不是低阅读广度的受试者与无歧义的受试者相比，对这类句子的阅读时间更长，这一结果被归因于高阅读广度受试者比低阅读广度受试者对歧义保持更多的不同解释(MacDonald，Just，&Carpenter，1992)。实验1复制了这种阅读时间模式，但也表明个体差异归因于对刺激中的概率约束的差异敏感性，因为只有高广度被试对歧义的替代解释的相对似是而非的可能性敏感。实验2表明，这些差异的根源在于理解过程中使用似然限制的能力，而不是两组之间的限制知识。讨论了这些结果对个体差异研究和句法歧义消解理论的启示。
Abstract Two experiments investigated the role of individual differences in reading span in the comprehension of ambiguous sentences that were resolved with a syntactically simple interpretation. Previous research showed that high but not low reading span subjects had longer reading times for such sentences compared to unambiguous controls, a result that had been attributed to high span subjects maintaining more alternative interpretations of the ambiguity than did low span subjects (MacDonald, Just, & Carpenter, 1992). Experiment 1 replicated this reading time pattern but also showed that the individual differences were attributable to differential sensitivity to probabilistic constraints in the stimuli, in that only high span subjects were sensitive to the relative plausibility of alternative interpretations of the ambiguity. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the source of these differences was in the ability to use plausibility constraints during comprehension, not in constraint knowledge across the two groups. The implications of these results for studies of individual differences and for theories of syntactic ambiguity resolution are discussed.