Phenomenology of soil erosion due to rocket exhaust on the Moon and the Mauna Kea lunar test site
Phenomenology of soil erosion due to rocket exhaust on the Moon and the Mauna Kea lunar test site
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月球和莫纳克亚月球试验场火箭尾气造成的土壤侵蚀现象学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Lane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Metzger;Jacob Smith;J. Lane
[1]在阿波罗登月飞行中观察到的吹土现象以前在文献中没有得到足够详细的描述，无法阐明物理过程并支持建立羽流效应的物理模型。这在一定程度上是因为之前的实验室实验使用了过于简单的模型土壤，这些土壤未能产生许多在月球着陆中看到的现象，因此其中一些没有被识别。在这里，阿波罗下降视频、地形摄影和上升视频在野外实验的帮助下使用更复杂的风化层进行了解读。火箭推进器的发射是在夏威夷莫纳克亚的一个月球试验场的火焰杯上进行的。这种火山灰具有嵌入的岩石、大量的砾石和灰尘、一定的粘聚力和自然的地质分层。这就产生了更现实的羽流现象学。相关现象包括粉尘释放与总体土壤侵蚀率的关系、羽流造成的地形床形态、与岩石挖掘和吹动有关的粉尘尾巴、推移质输送、假定为撞击事件对应的地层单位的离散土层的清除、着陆过程中抛出的土壤的总质量以及着陆点周围的风化层变亮。这一分析提供了对风化层的侵蚀过程和性质的洞察。本文还综合了理论、实验、模拟和观测数据，以更清晰地描述月球土壤侵蚀的物理过程。
[1] The soil-blowing phenomena observed in the Apollo lunar missions have not previously been described in the literature in sufficient detail to elucidate the physical processes and to support the development of physics-based modeling of the plume effects. In part, this is because previous laboratory experiments have used overly simplistic model soils that fail to produce many of the phenomena seen in lunar landings, some of which therefore went unrecognized. Here, the Apollo descent videos, terrain photography, and ascent videos are interpreted with the assistance of field experiments using a more complex regolith. Rocket thruster firings were performed upon the tephra of a lunar test site on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. This tephra possesses embedded rocks, large fractions of gravel and dust, some cohesion, and natural geological lamination. This produced more realistic plume phenomenology. The relevant phenomena include the relationship of dust liberation with overall soil erosion rate, terrain bed forms created by the plume, dust tails associated with the exhumation and blowing of rocks, bed load transport, the removal of discrete layers of soil hypothesized to be the stratigraphic units corresponding to impact events, the total mass of ejected soil during a landing, and the brightening of the regolith around the landing site. This analysis provides insight into the erosion processes and nature of the regolith. This paper also synthesizes theory, experiment, simulation, and observational data to produce a clearer picture of the physical processes of lunar soil erosion.