The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling
The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling
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DOI：
10.1111/cla.12182
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Zhang, Junxia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wheeler, Ward C.;Coddington, Jonathan A.;Zhang, Junxia
我们提出了一个系统发育分析的蜘蛛使用的数据集的932种蜘蛛，代表115个家庭（只有家庭Synaphridae是未代表的），700个已知的属，和其他代表26个身份不明或未描述的属。外群包括Amblypygi、Palpigradi、Schizomida和Uropygi等11个属。该数据集包括来自线粒体（12 S，16 S，COI）和核（组蛋白H3，18 S，28 S）基因组的六个标记，并通过多种方法进行分析，包括使用来自转录组数据的高度支持的骨干树进行约束分析。我们恢复了蜘蛛树的大部分高层次结构，包括中棘属，后棘属，Mygalomorphae和Araneomorphae。我们的几个分析恢复Hypochilidae和Filistatidae的姐妹组，建议由以前的转录组学分析。合精目被有力地支持，并且Trogloraptoridae和Caponiidae被发现是Dysderoidea的姐妹。我们的研究结果支持失去的气管分支，包括Pholorphae，Tetrablemmidae，Diguetidae，Plectreuridae和家庭Pacullidae（恢复状态）从Tetrablemmidae分离。Scytodoidea包括Ochyroceratidae沿着与Sicariidae，Scytodidae，Drymusidae和Periegopidae;我们的结果是不确定的分离，这最后两个家庭。我们没有恢复单系的Austrochiloidea和Leptonetidae，但我们的数据表明，这两个群体更密切相关的圆柱形腺Spigot分支，而不是Synspermiata。我们的分析没有恢复Palpimanoidea，但也没有强烈的矛盾。我们发现支持Entelegyelae和Oecobioidea（Oecobiidae加Hersiliidae），和模棱两可的位置cribellate orb编织者，与他们的非单系兼容。Nicodamoidea（Nicodamidae加上Megadictynidae）和Araneoidea的组成和关系与最近的分析一致。我们没有得到解决的titanoecoids（Titanoecidae和Phyxelididae），但后外侧胫骨骨突分支得到了很好的支持。Penestomidae，可能是Homalonychidae，是Zodarioidea的一部分，尽管后者的家庭是由最近的转录组学分析分开。我们的数据支持一个大的群体，我们称之为marronoid分支（包括家庭Amaurobiidae，Desidae，Dictynidae，Hahniidae，Stiphidiidae，Agelenidae和Toxopidae）。大多数marronoid家族的界限在这里被重新定义。Amaurobiidae包括Amaurobiinae和Macrobuninae。我们将Malenellinae（Malenella，来自Anyphaenidae），Chummidae（Chumma）（new syn.）和Tasmarubriinae（Tasmarubrius，Tasmabrochus和Teeatta，隶属于两栖类）至Macrobuninae。Cybaeidae重新定义为包括Calymmaria，Cryphoeca，Ethobuella和Willisius（从Hahniidae转移），以及Blabomma和Yorima（从Dictynidae转移）。Cycloctenidae被重新定义为包括Orepukia（从Agelenidae转移）和Pakeha和Paravoca（转自Amaurobiidae）。Desidae重新定义为包括五个亚科：双胞亚科（Amphinectinae），包括双胞纲（Amphinecta）、Mamoea、Maniho、Paramoea和Rangitata（从两栖类转移）; Ischaleinae，与Bakala和Manjala（转自Amaurobiidae）和Ischalea（从Stiphidiidae转移而来）; Metaltellinae，with Austmusia，Buyina，Calacadia，Cunnaelia，Jalkaraburra，Keera，Magua，Metaltella，Penaoola and Quemusia; Porteriinae（新等级），与Baiami，Cambridgea，Corasoides和Nanocambridgea（从Stiphidiidae转移）;和Desinae，与Desis，暂时Poaka（从Amaurobiidae转移）和Barahna（从Stiphidiidae转移）。Argyroneta从Cybaeidae转移到Dictynidae。Cicurina从网蝽科转移到Hahniidae。Neoramia属（来自Agelenidae）和Aorangia，Marplesia和Neolana属（来自Amphinectidae）转移到Stiphidididae。Toxopidae（恢复状态）包括两个亚科：Myroinae，与Gasparia，Gohia，Hulua，Neomyro，Myro，Ommatauxesis和Otagoa（从Desidae转移）; Toxopinae，与Midgee和Jamara，以前的Midgeeinae，新syn。（从Amaurobiidae转移）和Hapona、Laestrygones、Lamina、Toxops和Toxopsoides（从Desidae转移）。我们得到一个单系的椭圆形的Calamistrum分支和Dionycha;然而，Sparassidae不是Dionychans，但可能是这两个分支的姐妹群。椭圆形的Calamistrum分支的组成得到确认（包括Zoropsidae，Udubidae，Ctenidae，Oxyopidae，Senoculidae，Pisauridae，Trechaleidae，Lycosidae，Psechridae和Escherisidae），肯定了以前的研究结果不确定的关系，ctenidae和Cupiennius，虽然Ctenidae的核心组得到了很好的支持。我们的数据是模棱两可的单系的Oxyopidae。在Dionycha，我们发现了第一个分裂的核心Prodidomidae，不包括澳大利亚Molycriinae，这是从核心Prodidomidae中分离出来的。其余的狄俄尼查形成两个主要的群体，狄俄尼查部分A和部分B。前者包括大部分斜中绒毡层分支（Trochanteriidae，Gnaphosidae，Gallieniellidae，Phrurolithidae，Trachelidae，Gnaphosidae，Ammoxenidae，Lamponidae和Molycriinae），以及Anyphaenidae和Clubionidae。直口虫属由平口虫科转移到喉盘虫科。我们的数据不允许完全解决的Gnaphosoid家庭。狄俄尼查属部分B包括跳蛛科、真跳蛛科、刺跳蛛科、菲跳蛛科、绿跳蛛科、月蛛科、角跳蛛科和异跳蛛科（新种，包括来自Miturgidae的Xenoctenus、Paravulsor和Odo，以及来自Ctenidae的Incasoctenus）。我们确认包括Zora（原Zoridae）内Miturgidae。(C)2016年的Willi Hennig Society。
We present a phylogenetic analysis of spiders using a dataset of 932 spider species, representing 115 families (only the family Synaphridae is unrepresented), 700 known genera, and additional representatives of 26 unidentified or undescribed genera. Eleven genera of the orders Amblypygi, Palpigradi, Schizomida and Uropygi are included as outgroups. The dataset includes six markers from the mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) and nuclear (histone H3, 18S, 28S) genomes, and was analysed by multiple methods, including constrained analyses using a highly supported backbone tree from transcriptomic data. We recover most of the higher-level structure of the spider tree with good support, including Mesothelae, Opisthothelae, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae. Several of our analyses recover Hypochilidae and Filistatidae as sister groups, as suggested by previous transcriptomic analyses. The Synspermiata are robustly supported, and the families Trogloraptoridae and Caponiidae are found as sister to the Dysderoidea. Our results support the Lost Tracheae clade, including Pholcidae, Tetrablemmidae, Diguetidae, Plectreuridae and the family Pacullidae (restored status) separate from Tetrablemmidae. The Scytodoidea include Ochyroceratidae along with Sicariidae, Scytodidae, Drymusidae and Periegopidae; our results are inconclusive about the separation of these last two families. We did not recover monophyletic Austrochiloidea and Leptonetidae, but our data suggest that both groups are more closely related to the Cylindrical Gland Spigot clade rather than to Synspermiata. Palpimanoidea is not recovered by our analyses, but also not strongly contradicted. We find support for Entelegynae and Oecobioidea (Oecobiidae plus Hersiliidae), and ambiguous placement of cribellate orb-weavers, compatible with their non-monophyly. Nicodamoidea (Nicodamidae plus Megadictynidae) and Araneoidea composition and relationships are consistent with recent analyses. We did not obtain resolution for the titanoecoids (Titanoecidae and Phyxelididae), but the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis clade is well supported. Penestomidae, and probably Homalonychidae, are part of Zodarioidea, although the latter family was set apart by recent transcriptomic analyses. Our data support a large group that we call the marronoid clade (including the families Amaurobiidae, Desidae, Dictynidae, Hahniidae, Stiphidiidae, Agelenidae and Toxopidae). The circumscription of most marronoid families is redefined here. Amaurobiidae include the Amaurobiinae and provisionally Macrobuninae. We transfer Malenellinae (Malenella, from Anyphaenidae), Chummidae (Chumma) (new syn.) and Tasmarubriinae (Tasmarubrius, Tasmabrochus and Teeatta, from Amphinectidae) to Macrobuninae. Cybaeidae are redefined to include Calymmaria, Cryphoeca, Ethobuella and Willisius (transferred from Hahniidae), and Blabomma and Yorima (transferred from Dictynidae). Cycloctenidae are redefined to include Orepukia (transferred from Agelenidae) and Pakeha and Paravoca (transferred from Amaurobiidae).Desidae are redefined to include five subfamilies: Amphinectinae, with Amphinecta, Mamoea, Maniho, Paramamoea and Rangitata (transferred from Amphinectidae); Ischaleinae, with Bakala and Manjala (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Ischalea (transferred from Stiphidiidae); Metaltellinae, with Austmusia, Buyina, Calacadia, Cunnawarra, Jalkaraburra, Keera, Magua, Metaltella, Penaoola and Quemusia; Porteriinae (new rank), with Baiami, Cambridgea, Corasoides and Nanocambridgea (transferred from Stiphidiidae); and Desinae, with Desis, and provisionally Poaka (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Barahna (transferred from Stiphidiidae). Argyroneta is transferred from Cybaeidae to Dictynidae. Cicurina is transferred from Dictynidae to Hahniidae. The genera Neoramia (from Agelenidae) and Aorangia, Marplesia and Neolana (from Amphinectidae) are transferred to Stiphidiidae. The family Toxopidae (restored status) includes two subfamilies: Myroinae, with Gasparia, Gohia, Hulua, Neomyro, Myro, Ommatauxesis and Otagoa (transferred from Desidae); and Toxopinae, with Midgee and Jamara, formerly Midgeeinae, new syn. (transferred from Amaurobiidae) and Hapona, Laestrygones, Lamina, Toxops and Toxopsoides (transferred from Desidae). We obtain a monophyletic Oval Calamistrum clade and Dionycha; Sparassidae, however, are not dionychans, but probably the sister group of those two clades. The composition of the Oval Calamistrum clade is confirmed (including Zoropsidae, Udubidae, Ctenidae, Oxyopidae, Senoculidae, Pisauridae, Trechaleidae, Lycosidae, Psechridae and Thomisidae), affirming previous findings on the uncertain relationships of the ctenids Ancylometes and Cupiennius, although a core group of Ctenidae are well supported. Our data were ambiguous as to the monophyly of Oxyopidae. In Dionycha, we found a first split of core Prodidomidae, excluding the Australian Molycriinae, which fall distantly from core prodidomids, among gnaphosoids. The rest of the dionychans form two main groups, Dionycha part A and part B. The former includes much of the Oblique Median Tapetum clade (Trochanteriidae, Gnaphosidae, Gallieniellidae, Phrurolithidae, Trachelidae, Gnaphosidae, Ammoxenidae, Lamponidae and the Molycriinae), and also Anyphaenidae and Clubionidae. Orthobula is transferred from Phrurolithidae to Trachelidae. Our data did not allow for complete resolution for the gnaphosoid families. Dionycha part B includes the families Salticidae, Eutichuridae, Miturgidae, Philodromidae, Viridasiidae, Selenopidae, Corinnidae and Xenoctenidae (new fam., including Xenoctenus, Paravulsor and Odo, transferred from Miturgidae, as well as Incasoctenus from Ctenidae). We confirm the inclusion of Zora (formerly Zoridae) within Miturgidae.(C) The Willi Hennig Society 2016.