The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.163.4.716
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
Zaslavsky, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kessler, RC;Adler, L;Zaslavsky, AM
目的：尽管对成人注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的关注度日益增加，但对其患病率及相关因素知之甚少。
方法：在全国共病调查复制研究中，对18 - 44岁的受访者的一个概率子样本（N = 3199）进行了成人ADHD筛查。全国共病调查复制研究是一项具有全国代表性的家庭调查，采用非专业人员实施的诊断性访谈来评估多种《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM - IV）中的疾病。对154名受访者进行了成人ADHD的盲法临床随访访谈，对筛查结果呈阳性者进行了过度抽样。采用多重填补法来估计临床医生评估的成人ADHD的患病率及相关因素。
结果：当前成人ADHD的估计患病率为4.4%。显著的相关因素包括男性、有过婚史、失业以及非西班牙裔白人。成人ADHD与调查中评估的许多其他DSM - IV疾病高度共病，并与严重的角色功能损害相关。大多数病例未得到治疗，尽管许多人因其他共病的精神及物质相关疾病接受过治疗。
结论：需要努力提高对成人ADHD的检测和治疗。需要进行研究以确定有效治疗是否会减少与成人ADHD共发疾病的发病、持续存在和严重程度。
Objective: Despite growing interest in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD), little is known about its prevalence or correlates.Method: A screen for adult ADHD was included in a probability subsample ( N=3,199) of 18-44-year-old respondents in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative household survey that used a lay-administered diagnostic interview to assess a wide range of DSM-IV disorders. Blinded clinical follow-up interviews of adult ADHD were carried out with 154 respondents, oversampling those with positive screen results. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates of clinician-assessed adult ADHD.Results: The estimated prevalence of current adult ADHD was 4.4%. Significant correlates included being male, previously married, unemployed, and non-Hispanic white. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with many other DSM-IV disorders assessed in the survey and was associated with substantial role impairment. The majority of cases were untreated, although many individuals had obtained treatment for other comorbid mental and substance-related disorders.Conclusions: Efforts are needed to increase the detection and treatment of adult ADHD. Research is needed to determine whether effective treatment would reduce the onset, persistence, and severity of disorders that co-occur with adult ADHD.