Cardiorespiratory coupling: common rhythms in cardiac, sympathetic, and respiratory activities.
Cardiorespiratory coupling: common rhythms in cardiac, sympathetic, and respiratory activities.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-63274-6.00010-2
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Morris, Kendall F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dick, Thomas E.;Hsieh, Yee-Hsee;Dhingra, Rishi R.;Baekey, David M.;Galan, Roberto F.;Wehrwein, Erica;Morris, Kendall F.
关键词：
呼吸耦合是一个涵盖性术语，描述的不仅仅是呼吸对心率和血压的公认影响。我们的数据表明，心肺耦合反映了自主神经和呼吸控制系统之间的相互作用，以及心血管系统调制的解释模式。例如，心搏耦合是指心跳和动脉脉搏压对呼吸的影响，并且是下一次吸气在呼气中的最后一次心跳之后的优选等待时间开始的趋势。多种互补的、描述良好的机制介导呼吸对心血管功能的影响，而介导心血管系统对呼吸的影响的机制可能仅通过压力感受器，但刚刚被确定。我们的审查将描述一个不同的效果，无论是慢性间歇性或持续缺氧条件大鼠交感神经活动，但也对解释模式的变异性。间歇性和持续性缺氧增加交感神经活动后2周，但影响交感神经呼吸耦合差异。间歇性缺氧增强交感神经-呼吸耦合，这与呼吸模式的低变异性有关。相反，在持续低压缺氧后，交感神经和膈神经活动爆发之间的1对1耦合被2对3耦合所取代。耦合模式的这种变化与解释模式的可变性增加有关。减压缺氧条件大鼠去气压神经后，内脏交感神经活动变为紧张性（无明显爆发），膈神经爆发时减少，放电模式变得规则。因此，调节大鼠间歇性或持续性低氧加重心肺耦合的相互性质。最后，识别心肺耦合的令人信服的生理目的是认识其重要性的最大障碍。心肺耦合对气体交换的效率只有很小的影响，相反，我们建议心肺控制系统可以作为弱耦合振荡器，以维持在一个有界的变化的节奏。
Cardiorespiratory coupling is an encompassing term describing more than the well-recognized influences of respiration on heart rate and blood pressure. Our data indicate that cardiorespiratory coupling reflects a reciprocal interaction between autonomic and respiratory control systems, and the cardiovascular system modulates the ventilatory pattern as well. For example, cardioventilatory coupling refers to the influence of heart beats and arterial pulse pressure on respiration and is the tendency for the next inspiration to start at a preferred latency after the last heart beat in expiration. Multiple complementary, well-described mechanisms mediate respiration’s influence on cardiovascular function, whereas mechanisms mediating the cardiovascular system’s influence on respiration may only be through the baroreceptors but are just being identified. Our review will describe a differential effect of conditioning rats with either chronic intermittent or sustained hypoxia on sympathetic nerve activity but also on ventilatory pattern variability. Both intermittent and sustained hypoxia increase sympathetic nerve activity after 2 weeks but affect sympatho-respiratory coupling differentially. Intermittent hypoxia enhances sympatho-respiratory coupling, which is associated with low variability in the ventilatory pattern. In contrast, after constant hypobaric hypoxia, 1-to-1 coupling between bursts of sympathetic and phrenic nerve activity is replaced by 2-to-3 coupling. This change in coupling pattern is associated with increased variability of the ventilatory pattern. After baro-denervating hypobaric hypoxic-conditioned rats, splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity becomes tonic (distinct bursts are absent) with decreases during phrenic nerve bursts and ventilatory pattern becomes regular. Thus, conditioning rats to either intermittent or sustained hypoxia accentuates the reciprocal nature of cardiorespiratory coupling. Finally, identifying a compelling physiologic purpose for cardiorespiratory coupling is the biggest barrier for recognizing its significance. Cardiorespiratory coupling has only a small effect on the efficiency of gas exchange; rather, we propose that cardiorespiratory control system may act as weakly coupled oscillator to maintain rhythms within a bounded variability.