Pregnancy recognition and conceptus implantation in domestic ruminants: Roles of progesterone, interferons and endogenous retroviruses
Pregnancy recognition and conceptus implantation in domestic ruminants: Roles of progesterone, interferons and endogenous retroviruses
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DOI：
10.1071/rd06102
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Palmarini, Massimo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spencer, Thomas E.;Johnson, Greg A.;Palmarini, Massimo
本审查强调了新的信息妊娠识别和孕体发育和植入绵羊的孕激素，干扰素和内源性逆转录病毒的调节。黄体形成后，孕酮作用于子宫内膜并刺激胚泡生长和伸长成丝状孕体（胚胎/胎儿和相关的胚外膜）。与Jaagsiekte绵羊逆转录病毒相关的内源性逆转录病毒的包膜似乎内在地调节单核滋养外胚层细胞增殖和分化成滋养层巨双核细胞。羊胚胎的单核滋养外胚层细胞分泌干扰素-tau，其作用于子宫内膜，通过抑制腔内和浅表导管腺上皮中雌激素受体a基因的转录来防止黄体溶解机制的发展。这些作用阻止了雌激素诱导的催产素受体基因转录，从而阻止了催产素诱导的前列腺素F2 α的黄体溶解脉冲。其受体在管腔和腺上皮中的预后下调在时间上与抗粘附粘蛋白1的减少以及分泌的半乳糖凝集素15（LGALS 15）和分泌的磷蛋白1的诱导相关，这些被提出来调节滋养外胚层的增殖和粘附。干扰素-tau作用于子宫内膜腔上皮以诱导WNT 7A并刺激LGALS 15、组织蛋白酶L和胱抑素C，其是孕体发育和植入的候选调节剂。母亲识别和建立怀孕的潜在贡献者的数量持续增加，这凸显了我们对这些关键发育过程中交叉的关键分子和信号转导途径的复杂性的认识有限。通过预防妊娠围着床期发生的胚胎丢失来提高生殖效率的目标为我们增加对子宫内膜功能和孕体发育的认识提供了挑战。
The present review highlights new information on pregnancy recognition and conceptus development and implantation in sheep with respect to regulation by progesterone, interferons and endogenous retroviruses. After formation of the corpus luteum, progesterone acts on the endometrium and stimulates blastocyst growth and elongation to a filamentous conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extra-embryonic membranes). The envelope of endogenous retroviruses related to Jaagsiekte sheep retroviruses appears to intrinsically regulate mononuclear trophectoderm cell proliferation and differentiation into trophoblast giant binucleate cells. The mononuclear trophectoderm cells of elongating sheep conceptuses secrete interferon-tau, which acts on the endometrium to prevent development of the luteolytic mechanism by inhibiting transcription of the gene for the oestrogen receptor a in the luminal and superficial ductal glandular epithelia. These actions prevent oestrogen-induced transcription of the oxytocin receptor gene and, therefore, oxytocin-induced luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Progesterone downregulation of its receptors in luminal and glandular epithelia correlates temporally with a reduction in anti-adhesive mucin 1and induction of secreted galectin 15 (LGALS15) and secreted phosphoprotein 1, which are proposed to regulate trophectoderm proliferation and adhesion. Interferon-tau acts on the endometrial lumenal epithelium to induce WNT7A and to stimulate LGALS15, cathepsin L and cystatin C, which are candidate regulators of conceptus development and implantation. The number of potential contributors to maternal recognition and establishment of pregnancy continues to grow and this highlights our limited appreciation of the complexity of the key molecules and signal transduction pathways that intersect during these key developmental processes. The goal of improving reproductive efficiency by preventing embryonic losses that occur during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in domestic ruminants provides the challenge to increase our knowledge of endometrial function and conceptus development.