Diapause as a pivotal factor for latitudinal and seasonal adaptation in Locusta migratoria in Japan
Diapause as a pivotal factor for latitudinal and seasonal adaptation in Locusta migratoria in Japan
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滞育是日本飞蝗纬度和季节适应的关键因素
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-017-1888-2_8
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Tanaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Tanaka
本文综述了东亚飞蝗的季节性生活史和滞育反应。该物种通常发生在整个日本群岛和滞育起着重要的作用，控制生活周期，根据纬度而变化。光周期是一个重要的线索控制母体诱导的胚胎滞育在日本中部，但不是在北方的一化性物种的一部分。在日本中部，微环境温度的异质性导致越冬卵的孵化日期差异很大，而晚孵化的个体在短光周期的影响下只产生滞育卵，导致一化性和二化性生活史的混合。虽然温带种群只能以卵的形式越冬，但胚胎滞育并不是越冬的先决条件，即使在滞育阶段之前的幼卵中也会产生耐寒性。在南方，亚热带种群可以在任何发育阶段越冬，大的遗传变异似乎存在于胚胎滞育的能力，滞育的诱导和终止可能发生在温和的冬季条件下的机会主义的方式。这些结果表明，这种蝗虫的广泛分布已成为可能，其相当大的遗传和生理的灵活性。
The seasonal life cycles and diapause response inLocusta migratoriain Japan are reviewed. This species commonly occurs throughout the Japanese archipelago and diapause plays an important role in controlling the life cycle that varies depending upon the latitude. Photoperiod is an important cue controlling the maternal induction of embryonic diapause in central Japan but not in the northern part where the species is univoltine. In central Japan, heterogeneity in temperature of micro-environments causes large variation in the date of hatching among the overwintered eggs, and individuals hatching late produce only diapause eggs under the influence of short photoperiods, resulting in a mixture of univoltine and bivoltine life cycles. Although the temperate populations can survive winter only as eggs, embryonic diapause is not a pre-requisite for overwintering, and cold hardiness appears to develop even in young eggs before the diapause stage. In the southern, subtropical populations which can overwinter at any developmental stage, large genetic variation appears to exist in the capacity for embryonic diapause, and the induction and termination of diapause are likely to occur in an opportunistic fashion under mild winter conditions. These results indicate that the extensive distribution of this locust has been made possible by its considerable genetic and physiological flexibility.