Gaze interaction: anticipation-based control of the gaze of others
Gaze interaction: anticipation-based control of the gaze of others
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DOI：
10.1007/s00426-019-01257-4
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发表时间：
2019-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Eva Riechelmann;Tim Raettig;A. Böckler;L. Huestegge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eva Riechelmann;Tim Raettig;A. Böckler;L. Huestegge
注视控制是社交的重要组成部分，例如引导某人的注意力。虽然以前的研究凝视互动主要集中在凝视收件人询问人类如何回应感知凝视（凝视提示），我们解决演员的观点，询问演员如何控制自己的眼球运动，以触发他人的凝视反应。具体来说，我们调查是否凝视反应（虚拟）的互动伙伴的预期，从而影响视力控制。建立在一个预先建立的范式，解决基于预期的运动控制在非社会背景下，参与者被指示交替看屏幕上的两张脸，这始终响应参与者的目光，无论是直接或回避的目光。我们测试了目标面部的这种注视反应是否已经在参与者的眼球运动之前通过显示与任务无关的视觉刺激（在执行目标扫视之前）而被预期，该视觉刺激与随后感知到的注视是一致的、不一致的或无关的。除了示意图和照片的面孔，我们还包括涉及非社会对象变化的条件。总的来说，我们观察到一致性效应（作为一个指标的预期虚拟他人的目光反应自己的目光）的社会和非社会的刺激，但只有当感知的变化是足够显着的。时间动力学的一致性效应的社会和非社会刺激相媲美，这表明类似的机制基于预期的眼控。研究结果支持最近的理论主张，强调基于预期的行动控制在社会交往中的作用。
Gaze control is an important component of social communication, e.g. to direct someone’s attention. While previous research on gaze interaction has mainly focused on the gaze recipient by asking how humans respond to perceived gaze (gaze cueing), we address the actor’s point of view by asking how actors control their own eye movements to trigger a gaze response in others. Specifically, we investigate whether gaze responses of a (virtual) interaction partner are anticipated and thereby affect oculomotor control. Building on a pre-established paradigm for addressing anticipation-based motor control in non-social contexts, participants were instructed to alternately look at two faces on the screen, which consistently responded to the participant’s gaze with either direct or averted gaze. We tested whether this gaze response of the targeted face is already anticipated prior to the participant’s eye movement by displaying a task-irrelevant visual stimulus (prior to the execution of the target saccade), which was either congruent, incongruent, or unrelated to the subsequently perceived gaze. In addition to schematic and photographic faces, we included conditions involving changes in non-social objects. Overall, we observed congruency effects (as an indicator of anticipation of the virtual other’s gaze response to one’s own gaze) for both social and non-social stimuli, but only when the perceived changes were sufficiently salient. Temporal dynamics of the congruency effects were comparable for social and non-social stimuli, suggesting that similar mechanisms underlie anticipation-based oculomotor control. The results support recent theoretical claims emphasizing the role of anticipation-based action control in social interaction.