Fitness loss and germline mutations in barn swallows breeding in Chernobyl
Fitness loss and germline mutations in barn swallows breeding in Chernobyl
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DOI：
10.1038/39303
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发表时间：
1997-10-09
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Moller, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellegren, H;Lindgren, G;Moller, AP
1986年切尔诺贝利的严重核事故导致了报告的最严重的放射性物质意外暴露于自由生命生物体(1)。对居住在污染地区的人口的短期影响包括甲状腺癌(2例)、婴儿白血病(3例)和新生儿先天性畸形(4例)的发病率增加。最近的两项研究(5，6)报告说，居住在切尔诺贝利附近的人类和田鼠的生殖系突变率增加了，尽管存在一些争议(7，8)，但对受影响的生物体的生存能力知之甚少(9)。在这里，我们报告了在切尔诺贝利附近繁殖的谷仓燕子Hirundo rustica中，部分白化病的频率增加，这是一种与适应性丧失相关的形态异常。遗传力估计表明，导致白化病的突变至少部分源于生殖系。此外，从两个高变数微卫星座位的分离分析中获得了种系突变率增加的证据，表明来自切尔诺贝利的谷仓燕子的突变事件是来自乌克兰和意大利控制区的家禽的两到十倍。
The severe nuclear accident at Chernobyl in 1986 resulted in the worst reported accidental exposure of radioactive material to free-living organisms(1). Short-term effects on human populations inhabiting polluted areas include increased incidence of thyroid cancer(2), infant leukaemia(3), and congenital malformations in newborns(4). Two recent studies(5,6) have reported, although with some controversy(7,8), that germline mutation rates were increased in humans and voles living close to Chernobyl, but little is known about the viability of the organisms affected(9). Here we report an increased frequency of partial albinism, a morphological aberration associated with a loss of fitness, among barn swallows, Hirundo rustica, breeding close to Chernobyl. Heritability estimates indicate that mutations causing albinism were at least partly of germline origin. Furthermore, evidence for an increased germline mutation rate was obtained from segregation analysis at two hypervariable microsatellite loci, indicating that mutation events in barn swallows from Chernobyl were two-to tenfold higher than in birds from control areas in Ukraine and Italy.