The Evolution of Altruistic Punishment
The Evolution of Altruistic Punishment
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DOI：
10.7551/mitpress/4771.003.0012
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. J. Hadlich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. J. Hadlich
利他的惩罚被认为是维持合作的一种力量。然而，利他惩罚的进化很难用自然选择来解释。本文综述了利他惩罚的作用、成因及其演化。我们发现，利他的惩罚增加了合作，从长远来看，增加了整个群体的福利。然而，相对于非惩罚性合作而言，个人福利会减少。负面情绪，尤其是愤怒，可以被认为是惩罚性行为的直接原因。文化群体选择被认为是个体非适应性利他惩罚的进化途径，并得到实证研究的支持。最后，我们提出了一个实验来研究框架在利他惩罚中的作用。
Altruistic punishment has been noted as a force in sustaining cooperation. The evolution of altruistic punishment, however, is hard to explain by natural selection. In this paper, we review the function, causation, and evolution of altruistic punishment. We find that altruistic punishment increases cooperation and, in the long term, total group welfare. Individual welfare, however, is decreased relative to nonpunishing cooperation. Negative emotions, in particular anger, can be identified as a proximate cause of punitive behaviour. Cultural group selection has been proposed as an evolutionary pathway for individually non-adaptive altruistic punishment, and is supported by empirical findings. Finally, we propose an experiment to study the role of framing in altruistic punishment.