Parenting and child behavioral adjustment in early childhood: A quantitative genetic approach to studying family processes
Parenting and child behavioral adjustment in early childhood: A quantitative genetic approach to studying family processes
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.00158
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Deater-Deckard, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deater-Deckard, K
本研究的目的是研究环境和基因-环境过程与养育（即，影响，控制，反应性）和学龄前儿童的行为调整困难（例如，不遵守，行为问题），通过使用双变量遗传分析的父母和观察员的评级。样本包括120个同卵和同性异卵双胞胎对（M年龄= 43个月）。数据来源包括家庭观察、访谈和家长报告。观察者对儿童困难行为的评定包括共享和非共享环境方差。与此相反，父母对孩子行为问题的评价显示出遗传和非共享的环境差异。观察员评定的母亲行为包括共享和非共享的环境方差，虽然母亲的反应也包括儿童遗传方差。父母自我报告的消极和积极的影响，包括共享和非共享的环境，以及儿童的遗传变异。没有证据表明基因-环境相互作用或显性。较高水平的困难行为和行为问题与较高水平的母亲的负面影响和控制和较低水平的母亲的积极影响和控制。这些相关性的共享环境调解被发现的意见，而遗传和非共享环境调解父母的评级。一般来说，对于观察数据，对共享环境方差和中介作用的估计最大，对于父母评级的数据，对儿童遗传方差和中介作用的估计最大。这种模式的研究结果对家庭过程的遗传研究的影响进行了讨论。
The aim of this study was to examine environmental and gene-environment processes linking parenting (i.e., affect, control, responsiveness) and preschool children's behavioral adjustment difficulties (e.g., noncompliance, conduct problems) by using bivariate genetic analyses of parents' and observers' ratings. The sample included 120 identical and same-sex fraternal twin pairs (M age = 43 months). Data sources included in-home observations, interviews, and parents' reports. Observers' ratings of children's difficult behaviors included shared and nonshared environmental variance. In contrast, parents' ratings of children's conduct problems showed genetic and nonshared environmental variance. Observer-rated maternal behavior included shared and nonshared environmental variance, although maternal responsiveness also included child genetic variance. Parent self-reported negative and positive affect included shared and nonshared environment as well as child genetic variance. There was no evidence for gene-environment interaction or dominance. Higher levels of difficult behavior and conduct problems covaried with higher levels of maternal negative affect and control and lower levels of maternal positive affect and control. Shared environmental mediation of these correlations was found for observations, whereas genetic and nonshared environmental mediation was found for parents' ratings. in general, estimates of shared environmental variance and mediation were greatest for observational data, and estimates of child genetic variance and mediation were greatest for parent-rated data. The implications of this pattern of findings for genetic research on family processes are discussed.