Glutamatergic Retinal Waves.
Glutamatergic Retinal Waves.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncir.2016.00038
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kerschensteiner D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kerschensteiner D
自发活动模式通过发育中的神经系统的许多部分传播，并形成新兴回路的布线。在视觉之前，源自视网膜的活动波通过丘脑的外侧膝状体核（LGN）传播到初级视觉皮层（V1）。视网膜波已被证明是指导布线的神经节细胞轴突在LGN和丘脑皮质轴突在V1通过相关性为基础的可塑性规则。在不同的物种中，视网膜波在三个刻板阶段（I-III）中成熟，其中不同的电路机制产生了独特的活动模式，在视觉系统完善中发挥特定的功能。在这里，我回顾的模式，机制和功能的第三阶段视网膜波，这依赖于神经元能信号。当光能波在视网膜上传播时，相邻的具有相反光反应（开与关）的神经节细胞被依次激活。最近的研究确定了产生和传播波前能波的内层视网膜中的横向兴奋性网络，以及使波前中的ON和OFF细胞的活动去激活的垂直抑制性网络。第三阶段波活动模式可能有助于分离轴突的ON和OFF神经节细胞在LGN，并可能有助于出现的方向选择性在V1。
Spontaneous activity patterns propagate through many parts of the developing nervous system and shape the wiring of emerging circuits. Prior to vision, waves of activity originating in the retina propagate through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus to primary visual cortex (V1). Retinal waves have been shown to instruct the wiring of ganglion cell axons in LGN and of thalamocortical axons in V1 via correlation-based plasticity rules. Across species, retinal waves mature in three stereotypic stages (I–III), in which distinct circuit mechanisms give rise to unique activity patterns that serve specific functions in visual system refinement. Here, I review insights into the patterns, mechanisms, and functions of stage III retinal waves, which rely on glutamatergic signaling. As glutamatergic waves spread across the retina, neighboring ganglion cells with opposite light responses (ON vs. OFF) are activated sequentially. Recent studies identified lateral excitatory networks in the inner retina that generate and propagate glutamatergic waves, and vertical inhibitory networks that desynchronize the activity of ON and OFF cells in the wavefront. Stage III wave activity patterns may help segregate axons of ON and OFF ganglion cells in the LGN, and could contribute to the emergence of orientation selectivity in V1.