Human aggression across the lifespan: genetic propensities and environmental moderators.
Human aggression across the lifespan: genetic propensities and environmental moderators.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-380858-5.00007-1
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baker, Laura A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tuvblad, Catherine;Baker, Laura A.
本章回顾了遗传和环境对人类攻击性影响的最新证据。总结了大量双胞胎和收养研究的结果，这些研究调查了攻击性行为的遗传和环境结构。这些研究加在一起表明，攻击性行为中大约一半(50%)的差异是由男性和女性的遗传影响解释的，其余50%的差异是由家庭成员没有分享的环境因素解释的。攻击的形式(反应性、主动性、直接/身体、间接/关系)、评估方法(实验室观察、自我报告、父母和老师的评分)以及受试者的年龄--所有这些似乎都是遗传和环境对攻击行为影响程度的重要调节因素。研究设计(双胞胎和兄弟姐妹收养设计)和性别(男性和女性)似乎都不会影响遗传和环境对攻击性影响的大小。从双胞胎/收养研究和分子遗传学研究中也有一些基因-环境相互作用(G×E)的证据。各种衡量家庭逆境和社会劣势的措施已经被发现可以缓和对攻击性行为的遗传影响。这些G×E研究的结果表明，并不是所有的人都会受到经历和暴露的相同程度的影响，遗传易感性可能会根据环境的不同而产生不同的影响。
This chapter reviews the recent evidence of genetic and environmental influences on human aggression. Findings from a large selection of the twin and adoption studies that have investigated the genetic and environmental architecture of aggressive behavior are summarized. These studies together show that about half (50%) of the variance in aggressive behavior is explained by genetic influences in both males and females, with the remaining 50% of the variance being explained by environmental factors not shared by family members. Form of aggression (reactive, proactive, direct/physical, indirect/relational), method of assessment (laboratory observation, self-report, ratings by parents and teachers), and age of the subjects—all seem to be significant moderators of the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on aggressive behavior. Neither study design (twin vs. sibling adoption design) nor sex (male vs. female) seems to impact the magnitude of the genetic and environmental influences on aggression. There is also some evidence of gene-environment interaction (G × E) from both twin/adoption studies and molecular genetic studies. Various measures of family adversity and social disadvantage have been found to moderate genetic influences on aggressive behavior. Findings from these G × E studies suggest that not all individuals will be affected to the same degree by experiences and exposures, and that genetic predispositions may have different effects depending on the environment.