PROPOSITIONAL REASONING BY MODEL
PROPOSITIONAL REASONING BY MODEL
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.99.3.418
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发表时间：
1992-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
BYRNE, RMJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JOHNSONLAIRD, PN;SCHAEKEN, W;BYRNE, RMJ
本文描述了一种新的命题推理理论，即根据 if 或、and 和 not 进行演绎。该理论认为推理是基于心理模型的语义过程。它假设人们只能维护有限数量的替代事态的模型，因此他们使用以隐式方式表示尽可能多信息的模型。它们通过最初想象两种替代可能性来表示一个选言命题，例如“有一个圆或有一个三角形”：一种是有一个圆，另一种是有一个三角形。如有必要，可以充实该表示以产生排他或包含析取的显式表示。该理论阐明了命题推理的所有稳健现象。 《金融时报》还做出了一些新颖的预测，这些预测得到了 4 个实验结果的证实。
This article describes a new theory of propositional reasoning, that is, deductions depending on if or, and, and not. The theory proposes that reasoning is a semantic process based on mental models. It assumes that people are able to maintain models of only a limited number of alternative states of affairs, and they accordingly use models representing as much information as possible in an implicit way. They represent a disjunctive proposition, such as "There is a circle or there is a triangle," by imagining initially 2 alternative possibilities: one in which there is a circle and the other in which there is a triangle. This representation can, if necessary, be fleshed out to yield an explicit representation of an exclusive or an inclusive disjunction. The theory elucidates all the robust phenomena of propositional reasoning. ft also makes several novel predictions, which were corroborated by the results of 4 experiments.