Cognitive Task Analysis and Innovation of Training: The Case of Structured Troubleshooting
Cognitive Task Analysis and Innovation of Training: The Case of Structured Troubleshooting
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认知任务分析与训练创新：结构化故障排除案例
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. V. Berlo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Schaafstal;J. Schraagen;M. V. Berlo
故障排除通常是一项耗时且困难的活动。如何提高新技术人员的培训水平是本文研究的出发点。一项认知任务分析由两项关于自然环境下故障排除的初步观察研究组成，并结合对现有文献背景下获得的数据的解释。在此认知任务分析的基础上，提出了一种新的故障排除训练方法（结构化故障排除），该方法将领域独立的故障排除策略与上下文相关的多层次系统功能分解相结合。这一方法已被系统地评估用于培训。结果表明，接受结构化故障排除培训的技术人员在更短的时间内解决的故障数量是接受传统方法培训的技术人员的两倍。此外，与传统故障诊断相比，结构化故障诊断可以在更短的时间内教授。最后，技术人员学会以明确和统一的方式进行故障排除。结构化故障排除的这些优点最终导致培训和故障排除成本的降低。
Troubleshooting is often a time-consuming and difficult activity. The question of how the training of novice technicians can be improved was the starting point of the research described in this article. A cognitive task analysis was carried out consisting of two preliminary observational studies on troubleshooting in naturalistic settings, combined with an interpretation of the data obtained in the context of the existing literature. On the basis of this cognitive task analysis, a new method for the training of troubleshooting was developed (structured troubleshooting), which combines a domain-independent strategy for troubleshooting with a context-dependent, multiple-level, functional decomposition of systems. This method has been systematically evaluated for its use in training. The results show that technicians trained in structured troubleshooting solve twice as many malfunctions, in less time, than those trained in the traditional way. Moreover, structured troubleshooting can be taught in less time than can traditional troubleshooting. Finally, technicians learn to troubleshoot in an explicit and uniform way. These advantages of structured troubleshooting ultimately lead to a reduction in training and troubleshooting costs.