Meaning in Life and Coping. Sense of Meaning as a Buffer Against Stress
Meaning in Life and Coping. Sense of Meaning as a Buffer Against Stress
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-0308-5_14
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Halama, Peter
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文献类型：
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作者：
Halama, Peter
本章介绍了有关生活中压力和意义关系的理论概念和研究成果。作者回顾了在其模型中包含意义的应对压力抵抗理论，如安东诺夫斯基的连贯感(SOC)，马迪和科巴萨的坚韧，以及基于一致性和意义的生活重构理论，如Janoff-Bulmann基本假设或Park的意义一致性模型。本章的一部分集中于支持意义在应对压力中的积极作用的经验证据。定性和定量研究都表明，较高的意义水平与较低的压力感知或较好的应对方式有关，或者它们具体描述了在应对压力和创伤的过程中如何产生意义。在应对过程中，基于意义或以意义为中心的应对扮演着重要的角色，这是一种基于评价的应对，在这种应对中，人们依靠自己的信仰、价值观和存在目标。这种应对方式与更好的心理功能和更低的痛苦程度有关。特别关注意义作为对抗压力负面影响的缓冲器的作用。研究证实，高度的意义感可以防止人们消极应对或抑郁。作者总结说，生活中的意义可以通过三种方式影响应对方式。个体的意义资源可以作为应对的资源，高的生活意义可以作为应对压力负面后果的缓冲，基于意义的应对(积极的重新解释，有益的发现)可以有助于在压力事件期间或之后更好的心理调整。
The chapter presents theoretical concepts and research findings related to relationship between stress and meaning in life. Author reviews theories of coping stress resistance which included meaning in their models, as sense of coherence (SOC) of Antonovsky, hardiness of Maddi and Kobasa, as well as theories based on congruence and meaning in life reconstruction, such as Janoff-Bulmann fundamental assumptions or Park’s meaning—congruence model. Part of the chapter is focused on the empirical evidence which supports positive role of meaning in coping with stress. Both qualitative and quantitative studies suggested that higher level of meaning is related to lower perception of stress or better coping, or they specifically described how meaning-making is involved in the process of coping with stress and trauma. The important role in coping processes is played by meaning-based or meaning-focused coping, which is appraisal-based coping in which the person draws on their beliefs, values, and existential goals. This kind of coping is related to better psychological functioning and lower distress. Special focus is given to the role of meaning as a buffer against negative impact of stress. Research confirmed that high sense of meaning prevent person from negative coping or depression. The author concludes that there are three ways how meaning in life can have effect on coping. Individual resources of meaning act as resources for coping, high life meaningfulness can act as a buffer against the negative consequences of stress, and meaning-based coping (positive reinterpretation, benefit findings) can contribute to better psychological adjustment during or after stressful event.