Transcriptional immune response of cage-cultured Pacific bluefin tuna during infection by two Cardicola blood fluke species.
Transcriptional immune response of cage-cultured Pacific bluefin tuna during infection by two Cardicola blood fluke species.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.008
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
M. Polinski;S. Shirakashi;A. Bridle;B. Nowak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Polinski;S. Shirakashi;A. Bridle;B. Nowak
两种血吸虫感染，CardicolaorientalisandCardicolaopisthorchis，目前最大的疾病关注的海洋网箱养殖太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼（PBT）-一个物种的高度全球经济重要性和生态问题。在这项研究中，我们的目的是快速，定量和差异识别感染这两种寄生虫种培养的PBT，以及确定潜在的宿主免疫反应。使用实时qPCR，我们成功地从宿主血液，鳃和心脏组织中定量检测寄生虫特异性DNA;比以前采用的显微镜方法提前44天确定寄生虫感染。在海笼培养的两个月内，鳃和心脏都被PBT中的两种寄生虫严重感染，只有通过服用驱虫药吡喹酮才能缓解这种情况。然而，鱼被观察到安装器官特异性转录免疫反应，在感染过程中，反映了相对数量的致病负荷。在心脏中，相对于未感染的对照，在感染的鱼中观察到IgM、MHC 2、TCRβ和IL-8转录的显著（3-6倍）增加;而在鳃中，仅观察到IgM转录被感染诱导（11倍）。有趣的是，IgM转录的相对量与鳃样本中东方栉孔虫DNA的相对丰度高度相关，而与后睾栉孔虫DNA的相对丰度无关，尽管该器官显示出来自两种寄生虫的DNA的高流行率。综上所述，这些发现表明，尽管在初次暴露期间对抗感染无效，但PBT中的细胞免疫应答作为未来Cardicola暴露的潜在应答，特别是对抗东方念珠菌。尽管未来需要对抗体有效性进行研究，但这项工作为宿主对心脏感染的反应性提供了有价值的初步见解，并为在PBT培养期间初次寄生虫暴露后驱虫治疗的需要提供了额外的支持。
Infections by two blood fluke species,CardicolaorientalisandCardicolaopisthorchis, currently present the greatest disease concern for the sea-cage culture of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) – a species of high global economic importance and ecological concern. In this study, we aimed to rapidly, quantitatively, and differentially identify infections by these two parasite species in cultured PBT as well as identify potential host immune responses. Using real-time qPCR, we were successful in quantitatively detecting parasite-specific DNA from within host blood, gill, and heart tissues; positively identifying parasitic infections 44 days earlier than microscopy methods previously employed. Both gill and heart became heavily infected by both parasite species in PBT within two months of sea-cage culture, which was only mitigated by the administration of anthelmintic praziquantel. Nevertheless, fish were observed to mount an organ specific transcriptive immune response during infection that mirrored the relative quantity of pathogenic load. In heart, significant (3–6 fold) increases in IgM, MHC2, TCRβ, and IL-8 transcription was observed in infected fish relative to uninfected controls; whereas in the gills only IgM transcription was observed to be induced (11 fold) by infection. Interestingly, the relative quantity of IgM transcription was highly correlated to the relative abundance ofC. orientalisbut notC. opisthorchisDNA in the gill samples, even though this organ showed high prevalence of DNA from both parasite species. Taken together, these findings indicate that although ineffective at combating infection during primary exposure, a cellular immune response is mounted in PBT as a potential rejoinder to futureCardicolaexposure, particularly againstC. orientalis. Although future investigation into antibody effectiveness will be needed, this work provides valuable preliminary insight into host responsiveness toCardicolainfection as well as additional support for the need of anthelmintic treatment following primary parasite exposure during PBT culture.