Neural Circuits Underlying Innate Fear
Neural Circuits Underlying Innate Fear
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-15-7086-5_1
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tao, Qian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ren, Chaoran;Tao, Qian
恐惧被定义为在威胁和感知危险的情况下迅速产生的一种基本情绪。恐惧可以是天生的，也可以是后天习得的。先天恐惧的例子包括由捕食者、疼痛、高度、快速接近的物体以及祖先的威胁（如蛇和蜘蛛）引发的恐惧。在自然界中，动物和人类对威胁性刺激的探测和反应要比对非威胁性刺激的反应快得多。对大多数动物来说，威胁刺激物是捕食者，而大多数捕食者本身也是其他动物的猎物。躲避掠食者对动物的生存至关重要。虽然人类很少受到捕食者的影响，但我们经常受到社会威胁的挑战，比如恐惧或愤怒的面部表情。本章将总结目前在小鼠和人类中进行的研究中关于处理视觉刺激的先天恐惧反应的大脑回路的知识。
Fear is defined as a fundamental emotion promptly arising in the context of threat and when danger is perceived. Fear can be innate or learned. Examples of innate fear include fears that are triggered by predators, pain, heights, rapidly approaching objects, and ancestral threats such as snakes and spiders. Animals and humans detect and respond more rapidly to threatening stimuli than to nonthreatening stimuli in the natural world. The threatening stimuli for most animals are predators, and most predators are themselves prey to other animals. Predatory avoidance is of crucial importance for survival of animals. Although humans are rarely affected by predators, we are constantly challenged by social threats such as a fearful or angry facial expression. This chapter will summarize the current knowledge on brain circuits processing innate fear responses to visual stimuli derived from studies conducted in mice and humans.