Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry
Class A Scavenger Receptors Are Used by Frog Virus 3 During Its Cellular Entry
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DOI：
10.3390/v11020093
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发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. T. Vo;M. Guerreiro;Amulya Yaparla;Leon Grayfer;S. DeWitte-Orr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. T. Vo;M. Guerreiro;Amulya Yaparla;Leon Grayfer;S. DeWitte-Orr
蛙病毒3（Frog virus 3，FV 3）是蛙病毒属（Ranavirus）的模式种。FV 3和FV 3样病毒是全球分布的传染性病原体，能够在三种脊椎动物（硬骨鱼、两栖动物和爬行动物）中复制。在细胞水平，FV 3和FV 3样病毒可以感染几乎所有脊椎动物类的细胞。迄今为止，参与FV 3进入过程的细胞受体尚不清楚。A类清道夫受体（SR-A）是进化上保守的细胞表面受体家族，其结合广泛的化学上不同的聚阴离子配体，并且可以作为其他DNA病毒（包括牛痘病毒和单纯疱疹病毒）的细胞受体起作用。本研究旨在确定SR-As是否参与FV 3细胞进入。通过使用定义明确的SR-A竞争性和非竞争性配体阻断试验和绝对qPCR，我们证明了SR-A竞争性配体大幅降低了青蛙细胞中细胞相关病毒载量的数量。此外，在SR-A无效细胞系中诱导人SR-AI的表达显著增加了FV 3-细胞结合。总之，我们的研究结果表明，SR-A的利用FV 3在细胞进入过程中。
Frog virus 3 (FV3) is the type species of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae). FV3 and FV3-like viruses are globally distributed infectious agents with the capacity to replicate in three vertebrate classes (teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles). At the cellular level, FV3 and FV3-like viruses can infect cells from virtually all vertebrate classes. To date, the cellular receptors that are involved in the FV3 entry process are unknown. Class A scavenger receptors (SR-As) are a family of evolutionarily conserved cell-surface receptors that bind a wide range of chemically distinct polyanionic ligands and can function as cellular receptors for other DNA viruses, including vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus. The present study aimed to determine whether SR-As are involved in FV3 cellular entry. By using well-defined SR-A competitive and non-competitive ligand-blocking assays and absolute qPCR, we demonstrated that the SR-A competitive ligands drastically reduced the quantities of cell-associated viral loads in frog cells. Moreover, inducing the expression of a human SR-AI in an SR-A null cell line significantly increased FV3–cell association. Together, our results indicate that SR-As are utilized by FV3 during the cellular entry process.