Work-related back pain in nurses
Work-related back pain in nurses
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2648.1996.13423.x
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hignett, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hignett, S
本摘要汇集了三十多年来发表的80多项研究的结果。回顾的研究分为三组：（a）流行病学;（B）“测试”;和（c）探索性研究。在一些观点上达成了一致，特别是护理是腰部问题的高风险职业之一，点患病率约为17%，年（期）患病率为40-50%，终生患病率为35- 80%。当考虑到促成因素时，存在一些分歧，但普遍证明了一个流行的概念，即更频繁的患者处理似乎与腰痛的发生率增加相关，然而，传统的方法，仅在提升和处理技术方面的培训已被证明是很少的，没有长期的好处，人体工程学的价值仍有待观察。通过将护理工作的各个方面带入实验室，利用主要集中在特定子任务的实验研究，也做了很多工作（患者处理的一般任务），查看具体的转移和程序（例如床到椅子）或转移技术（“弯腰与蹲下”），虽然可以对不同的技术进行一定程度的量化，但这是否有任何实际用途是值得怀疑的，特别是当考虑到在手动处理患者期间所遇到的负载的广泛变化时。数量极少的探索性研究揭示了使用定量方法的局限性。本评论中引用的所有研究都使用了基于实证主义范式的方法。似乎没有任何发表的工作，使用参与或访谈的方法，以获得定性数据，可能会确定在护理人员的职业性腰痛发病的贡献因素。
This summary draws together the findings from over 80 studies published over three decades. The studies reviewed are categorized into three groups: (a) epidemiological; (b) 'testing out'; and (c) exploratory, There has been agreement on a number of points, in particular that nursing is among the high risk occupations with respect to low back problems, with a point prevalence of approximately 17%, an annual (period) prevalence of 40-50% and a lifetime prevalence of 35-80%. When considering the contributory factors there is some divergence, but one of the popular notions is generally proven, that more frequent patient handling appears to correlate with increased incidence of low back pain, However, the traditional approach of training in lifting and handling techniques alone has been shown to be of little, of no, long-term benefit and the value of ergonomics remains to be seen. Much work has also been done by taking aspects of nursing work into the laboratory, using experimental studies which have mostly focused on specific sub-tasks (of the generic task of patient handling), looking at specific transfers and procedures (e.g. bed to chair) or transfer techniques ('stoop versus squat'), Although a level of quantification can be made about the different techniques, it is questionable whether this is of any practical use, especially when considering the wide variation of loads encountered during manual handling of patients. The limitations of using quantitative methodologies is revealed in the very small number of exploratory studies. All of the studies cited in this review used methodologies based in the positivist paradigm. There does not appear to be any published work using participative or interview methods to obtain qualitative data which might identify contributory factors in the onset of occupational low back pain in nursing staff.