The case for formal methodology in scientific reform.

The case for formal methodology in scientific reform.
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DOI:
10.1098/rsos.200805
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发表时间:
2021-03-31
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Ozge Buzbas E
Ozge Buzbas E
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Devezer B;Navarro DJ;Vandekerckhove J;Ozge Buzbas E

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当前科学方法论改革的尝试是对实验科学方法论和科学实践总体上缺乏严谨性的回应。然而,大多数方法上的改革尝试都有类似的错误,而且过于笼统。我们认为,这可以部分归因于缺乏形式主义和第一原则。考虑到允许虚假主张被奉为圣典的代价,我们主张在方法论改革中采用正式的统计严谨性和科学的细微差别。为了达到这种严谨性和细微差别,我们提出了一个五步正式的方法来解决方法问题。为了说明这种形式主义的使用和好处,我们提出了一个正式的统计分析的元科学文献中的三个流行的说法:(i)可重复性是科学的基石;(ii)数据不得在任何分析中使用两次;(iii)探索性项目意味着统计实践差。我们展示了我们的正式方法如何能够告知和塑造关于这种方法论主张的辩论。
Current attempts at methodological reform in sciences come in response to an overall lack of rigor in methodological and scientific practices in experimental sciences. However, most methodological reform attempts suffer from similar mistakes and over-generalizations to the ones they aim to address. We argue that this can be attributed in part to lack of formalism and first principles. Considering the costs of allowing false claims to become canonized, we argue for formal statistical rigor and scientific nuance in methodological reform. To attain this rigor and nuance, we propose a five-step formal approach for solving methodological problems. To illustrate the use and benefits of such formalism, we present a formal statistical analysis of three popular claims in the metascientific literature: (i) that reproducibility is the cornerstone of science; (ii) that data must not be used twice in any analysis; and (iii) that exploratory projects imply poor statistical practice. We show how our formal approach can inform and shape debates about such methodological claims.
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