THE CHICK-A-DEE CALL SYSTEM OF THE MEXICAN CHICKADEE
THE CHICK-A-DEE CALL SYSTEM OF THE MEXICAN CHICKADEE
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DOI：
10.2307/1369065
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发表时间：
1994-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
HAILMAN, JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FICKEN, MS;HAILMAN, ED;HAILMAN, JP
墨西哥山雀（Panus sclateri）的Chick-a-dee叫声由三种常见的音符类型（A， C和D）和一种非常罕见的类型(B)组成。调用具有不变的音符a - b - c - d序列，其中任何音符类型都可以省略，在过渡到下一个类型之前给出一次或重复可变次数。B和C音符在音系上与黑冠山雀（P. atricapillus）的chick-a-dee叫声的B和C音符相似，但A音符明显不同，D音符与同类的等效音符有些不同。总共记录了2071次通话，产生了60种不同的通话类型，齐夫-曼德尔布罗特图显示，通话系统是“开放的”；随着样本量的增加，将发现新的调用类型没有可证明的界限。在相对不受干扰的情况下（配偶在领地上，在秋天鸟群中，在秋天单独），鸟类主要发出[A][D]的叫声，较少的[A]和[C]的叫声，括号表示音符类型的可变重复。在受干扰的环境中（围攻塑料大角猫头鹰，围攻播放北侏儒猫头鹰叫声的扬声器，坐在巢洞下的观察者），鸟类发出更多的[C]叫声，[A][C]。在对猫头鹰叫声进行最长时间的围捕过程中，鸟类在靠近时主要发出[A]叫声，在围绕扬声器飞行时切换到[C]叫声，然后重新发出[A]叫声，并在播放停止时离开。在人类语言之外，这是在动物中发现的第二个真正的声音交流组合系统，第一个是黑冠山雀的“嘀”声。这项研究提供了第一个数据，证实了不同背景下叫声的数量差异，这是理解组合小鸡叫声编码的信息类型的重要一步。
Chick-a-dee calls of the Mexican Chickadee (Panus sclateri) are composed of combinations of three common note types (A, C and D) and one very rare type (B). Calls have the invariant sequence of notes A-B-C-D, where any note type may be omitted, given once or repeated a variable number of times before transiting to the next type. The B and C notes are phonologically similar to the B and C notes of chick-a-dee calls of the Black-capped Chickadee (P. atricapillus), but the A note is markedly different and the D note somewhat different from equivalent notes of the congener. A total of 2,071 calls recorded yielded 60 different call types, and Zipf-Mandelbrot plots show that the call system is ''open''; as the sample size is increased new call types will be found without demonstrable bound. In relatively undisturbed contexts (with mate on territory, in fall flocks, alone in fall) birds gave mainly [A][D] calls with lesser numbers of [A] and [C] calls, where brackets indicate variable repetition of note types. In disturbed contexts (mobbing plastic Great Horned Owl, mobbing speaker playing calls of the Northern Pygmy-Owl, observer sitting under the nest cavity) the birds gave more [C] calls with [A][C] as well. In the longest mobbing session to owl calls, birds gave mainly [A] calls when approaching, switched to [C] calls while flying about the speaker, and then resumed [A] calls and moved off when the playback was stopped. Outside of human language, this is the second truly combinatorial system of vocal communication found in animals, the first being chick-a-dee calls of the Black-capped Chickadee. This study provides the first data substantiating quantitative differences in calls from different contexts, an important step toward understanding what kinds of information combinatorial chick-a-dee calls encode.