Towards an Index for Harm-Focused Policing
Towards an Index for Harm-Focused Policing
复制标题
建立以危害为重点的警务索引
DOI：
10.1093/police/pau032
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
J. Ratcliffe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Ratcliffe
衡量警察在减少对社区的伤害方面的有效性，往往仅限于比较每年的暴力犯罪数量，偶尔也会单独衡量交通事故。目前，警务领域缺乏一种综合的措施，既能体现警察在社会中的多维作用，又能对公众最关注的严重犯罪给予适当的重视。现有的犯罪成本和通过量刑结构评估的伤害指数可能忽略了被认为会影响社区的无意伤害，例如某些警察活动的后果。本文介绍了基于量刑指南的伤害指数，该指数涵盖了比犯罪成本估算或许多以前的量刑指南更广泛的罪行，并通过美国宾夕法尼亚州费城的一个案例研究证明了其适用性。然后，文章探讨了将警察调查活动（行人和交通拦截）作为社区经历的潜在危害的衡量标准的更具争议性的优点。本文通过检查费城的警察区，证明了在警察区一级存在着显著的伤害概况差异。
Measuring the effectiveness of the police in reducing harm to communities is often limited to comparing violent crime counts from one year to another, and occasionally separately measuring traffic accidents. At present, the policing field lacks a comprehensive measure that encompasses the multidimensional role of the police in the community while giving suitable weight to the serious crimes that are of greatest public concern. Existing costs of crime and harm indices rated through sentencing structures potentially ignore inadvertent harms perceived to affect communities such as the consequences of certain police activities. This article introduces an index of harm based on sentencing guidelines that covers a wider array of offences than costs of crime estimates or many previous sentencing guidelines, and demonstrates its applicability with a case study from the city of Philadelphia, PA, USA. The article then examines the more polemic merits of including a measure of police investigative activity (pedestrian and traffic stops) as a potential harm experienced by a community. The article demonstrates, by examining police districts within Philadelphia, that significant variations of harm profile exist at the police district level.
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Newgard, Craig D.;Schmicker, Robert H.;Hedges, Jerris R.;Trickett, John P.;Davis, Daniel P.;Bulger, Eileen M.;Aufderheide, Tom P.;Minei, Joseph P.;Hata, J. Steven;Gubler, K. Dean;Brown, Todd B.;Yelle, Jean-Denis;Bardarson, Berit;Nichol, Graham
通讯作者：
Nichol, Graham