A repeated measurement study investigating the impact of school outdoor environment upon physical activity across ages and seasons in Swedish second, fifth and eighth graders
A repeated measurement study investigating the impact of school outdoor environment upon physical activity across ages and seasons in Swedish second, fifth and eighth graders
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-14-803
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发表时间：
2014-08-07
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Boldemann, Cecilia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pagels, Peter;Raustorp, Anders;Boldemann, Cecilia
背景：在义务教育期间，学童被限制并暴露在户外环境中，这恰好是他们可以支配的。因此，户外环境促进健康的潜力及其利用是非常重要的。我们从操场特征、空间、地形和植被等方面研究了学校户外环境对瑞典义务教育学生不同年龄和季节的中度到剧烈体育活动（MVPA）的影响。方法：对瑞典中部和南部四所学校在一学年的操场特征、空间、地形和植被等方面存在差异的室外环境进行分析。从符合条件的2年级、5年级和8年级学生中抽取了196名7-14岁的孩子作为样本。使用带时间戳的Actigraph加速度计GT3X+监测PA，测量室外时间的不同强度水平。地图被用来标记孩子们待过的地方以及他们在户外做了什么。结果：整个学年的平均MVPA在户外停留时间为39分钟，MVPA的时间与户外时间呈正相关，MVPA与使用的户外活动面积呈正相关（p < 0.001）。室外MVPA随年龄的增长而下降，各年龄段男孩的MVPA积累均高于女孩（p < 0.001）。9月和5月的球类活动增加了五年级学生的MVPA （p < 0.001）。总体而言，球类活动增加了五年级男生的相对MVPA，并有助于其维持，而女生的相对MVPA没有随着年龄的增长而增加，林地则刺激并有助于维持女生的相对MVPA。室外温度对各季节MVPA均有显著影响（p < 0.01）。结论：学校户外环境设计和户外游戏时间对女孩的日常身体活动有影响，可能有助于增加女孩的身体活动，并缓和女孩身体活动随年龄的急剧下降。因此，学校的户外环境可能是在校期间潜在的健康促进因素。
Background: School children are confined to and exposed to outdoor environment that happens to be at their disposal during compulsory school time. The health-promoting potential of outdoor environment, and the use of it, is therefore important. We have studied the impact of school outdoor environment in terms of playground features, space, topography and vegetation upon the patterns of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across ages and seasons in Swedish pupils at compulsory school.Methods: Four schools in the Middle and Southern parts of Sweden, with outdoor environments differing in playground features, space, topography and vegetation were analyzed during one school year. A sample of 196 children was drawn from eligible pupils in grades 2, 5 and 8, aged 7-14 years. PA was monitored with time-stamped Actigraph accelerometers GT3X+, measuring different intensity levels during outdoor time. Maps were used to mark places where the children stayed and what they did during outdoor time.Results: Mean MVPA during outdoor stay was 39 minutes for the entire school year, time in MVPA correlated positively with outdoor time, as did MVPA with used outdoor play area (p < 0.001). Outdoor MVPA declined with age, boys accumulated more MVPA than girls at all ages (p < 0.001). Ball play areas increased MVPA in 5th graders in September and May (p < 0.001). Overall, ball play areas increased 5th graders' relative MVPA, and helped maintaining it with increasing age in boys but not in girls, whereas woodland stimulated and contributed to maintaining girls' MVPA with increasing age. Outdoor temperature significantly impacted (p < 0.01) MVPA throughout all seasons.Conclusion: We conclude that school outdoor environment design and outdoor play time impact physical activity on a daily basis and may contribute to increasing girls' physical activity and moderate the sharp decline in physical activity by age. The school outdoor environment may thus be a potential health promoter during school time.