Perceived discrimination and depression among low-income Latina male-to-female transgender women
Perceived discrimination and depression among low-income Latina male-to-female transgender women
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-12-663
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发表时间：
2012-08-15
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Galvan, Frank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bazargan, Mohsen;Galvan, Frank
背景：本研究考察了低收入拉丁裔男变女变性女性的感知歧视暴露及其与抑郁的关系，并评估了性伴侣暴力和虐待对抑郁的影响。方法：通过社区组织和推荐，共招募了220名居住在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的拉丁裔男变女变性妇女。参与者使用结构化问卷完成个人访谈。使用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）评估抑郁症状。感知歧视是用一个15项的测量来评估的，这个测量是用来评估变性人遭受虐待的经历的。在控制了其他变量的存在后，使用多项逻辑回归来检验感知歧视与抑郁之间的关系。结果：35%的受试者报告有明显的抑郁症状（PHQ-9 >= 15）。此外，三分之一的参与者表示，在采访前两周，他们要么想过伤害自己，要么想过自己死了会更好。在这一人群中，歧视的程度是广泛的。许多参与者每天（14%）或每周至少经历一到两次（25%）的歧视，这可以通过对感知歧视的15个项目中的至少7个项目的积极反应来证明。几乎六成的参与者承认他们曾是性伴侣暴力的受害者。那些经常受到歧视的人更有可能被认为患有严重抑郁症。自我报告的性伴侣暴力史与抑郁严重程度之间也有显著的联系。结论：抑郁症严重程度与感知歧视之间存在显著关联。遭受歧视如何导致精神健康问题风险增加，需要进一步调查。调查跨性别女性中感知到的歧视和抑郁之间关系的模型应该将性伴侣暴力作为一个潜在的混杂变量。
Background: This study examines exposure to perceived discrimination and its association with depression among low-income, Latina male-to-female transgender women as well as evaluates the impact of sexual partner violence and mistreatment on depression.Methods: A total of 220 Latina male-to-female transgender women who resided in Los Angeles, California, were recruited through community based organizations and referrals. Participants completed individual interviews using a structured questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Perceived discrimination was assessed using a fifteen-item measure that was designed to assess the experiences of maltreatment of transgender individuals. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between perceived discrimination and depression after controlling for the presence of other variables.Results: Of the sample, 35% reported significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 >= 15). Additionally, one-third of the participants indicated that in the two weeks prior to the interviews they had thought either of hurting themselves or that they would be better off dead. The extent of perceived discrimination in this population was extensive. Many of the participants experienced discrimination on a daily basis (14%) or at least once or twice a week (25%) as demonstrated by a positive response to at least 7 of 15 items in the measure of perceived discrimination. Almost six out of ten participants admitted that they had been victims of sexual partner violence. Those who reported more frequent discrimination were more likely to be identified with severe depression. There was also a notable association between self-reported history of sexual partner violence and depression severity.Conclusions: A significant association between depression severity and perceived discrimination was identified. How exposure to discrimination leads to increased risk of mental health problems needs additional investigation. Models investigating the association between perceived discrimination and depression among transgender women should include sexual partner violence as a potential confounding variable.