Carcass yield and meat quality parameters of two Italian autochthonous chicken breeds reared outdoor: Modenese and Romagnolo.
Carcass yield and meat quality parameters of two Italian autochthonous chicken breeds reared outdoor: Modenese and Romagnolo.
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室外饲养的两种意大利本土鸡品种：莫德内塞鸡和罗马尼奥洛鸡的胴体产量和肉质参数。
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
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通讯作者：
E. M. Zambini
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Sabbioni;A. Zanon;V. Beretti;P. Superchi;E. M. Zambini
保护生物多样性是意大利户外家禽生产的主要利益所在。在埃米利亚-罗马尼亚地区，仍然存在两个本土鸡种：摩登鸡(MOD)和罗曼诺罗鸡(ROMNOLO)。他们是地中海级别的白色耳垂的轻型品种。本研究的目的是提高对这两个品种的屠体和肉质特性的了解。25只MOD和26只ROM鸡(取自意大利帕尔马兽医学院饲养的核心鸡群)和13只商品Hy-Line W36公鸡在室外三个毗连的围场(约4m/只)饲养，并在210d龄左右自由饲喂牧草和商业颗粒(粗蛋白19.3%)直到屠宰。乳房肉色的测定采用美能达反射仪II CR100/08，以L*a*b*表示。色调和色度分别计算为arctg(b*/a*)和√(a*+b*)。根据AOAC，对每个品种10只鸡的胸肉化学成分进行了测定。这些数据被提交给方差分析(固定因素：品种；屠宰时的年龄作为协变量)。鸡的平均体重在2142克(MOD)到2212克(Hy-Line W36)之间被屠宰(P>；0.05)。MOD的屠宰率(以待煮的屠体重量/屠宰时的活重计算)高于Hy-Line W36(P<；0.10)，因为ROM值居中。不同品种间的乳房产量差异不显著(P>；0.05)，因为MOD的大腿+鸡腿产量高于ROM和Hy-Line W36(P<；0.05)。根据先前报道的ROM品种皮肤和蛋壳表面黄色素的强烈减少，ROM的胸肉颜色显示出低于MOD和Hy-Line W36的b*和色调值(分别为6.53vs9.50和8.39；0.87vs1.08和1.11；P<；0.05)，因为ROM的铬低于MOD(8.43vs10.90；P<；0.05)，Hy-Line W36居中。Hy-line W36的水分和灰分含量显著高于MOD和ROM型(分别为73.73%vs72.66%和72.70%；1.17%vs1.12%和1.11%；P<；0.05)，脂肪含量也高于MOD和ROM型(0.90%和0.89%)。高于Hy-Line W36(0.13%)(P<；0.05)。__________________________________________________________________________________
The safeguard of biodiversity is a primary interest in outdoor poultry production in Italy. In the Emilia-Romagna region, two autochthonous chicken breeds are still present: the Modenese (MOD) and the Romagnolo (ROM). They are white ear-lobed light breeds of Mediterranean class. Aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about carcass and meat characteristics in these two breeds. Twenty-five MOD and 26 ROM (from the nucleus flock raised at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Parma, Italy) and 13 commercial Hy-Line W36 male chicks were reared outdoor in three contiguous paddocks (about 4 m/chicken) and fed with pasture and commercial pellets (19.3% crude protein) ad libitum until slaughter at the age of approximately 210 d. Chickens were individually weighted and slaughtered after a 18 hours fasting; carcasses and cuts were weighed and yields calculated. Determination of meat colour was made on breasts by Minolta Chromameter Reflectance II CR100/08 and expressed as L* a* b*. Hue and chrome were calculated as arctg(b*/a*) and √(a* + b*), respectively. The chemical composition of breast meat was determined, according to AOAC, for 10 chickens per breed. The data were submitted to ANOVA (fixed factor: breed; age at slaughter as a covariate). Chickens were slaughtered at a mean weight between 2142 g (MOD) and 2212 g (Hy-Line W36) (P>0.05). Carcass yield (calculated as the weight of ready-to-cook carcass/live weight at slaughter) was higher in MOD than in Hy-Line W36 (P<0.10), as ROM were intermediate. Breast yield was not significantly different among breeds (P>0.05), as thigh + drumstick yield was higher in MOD than in ROM and Hy-Line W36 (P<0.05). Breast meat colour showed lower b* and hue values in ROM than in MOD and Hy-Line W36 (resp.: 6.53 vs 9.50 and 8.39; 0.87 vs 1.08 and 1.11; P<0.05), as chrome was lower in ROM than in MOD (8.43 vs 10.90; P<0.05) and Hy-Line W36 was intermediate, according to the previously reported strong reduction of yellow pigment in the skin and egg shell surface of ROM breed. The chemical composition of breast meat showed higher moisture and ash content in Hy-Line W36 than in MOD and ROM (resp.: 73.73% vs 72.66% and 72.70%; 1.17% vs 1.12% and 1.11%; P<0.05); fat content was higher in the two local breeds (0.90% and 0.89% in MOD and ROM, resp.) than in Hy-Line W36 (0.13%) (P<0.05). __________________________________________________________________________________