Drones in medicine-The rise of the machines
Drones in medicine-The rise of the machines
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DOI：
10.1111/ijcp.12989
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Balasingam, Manohari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Balasingam, Manohari
无人机是一种无人驾驶飞机，最初仅供军方使用，但现在也用于各种科学目的、公共安全和商业行业。医疗保健行业尤其可以从它们的技术能力和易用性中受益。无人机在医学上的常见应用包括：在其他途径受到严格限制时提供灾害评估；向偏远地区运送援助包裹、药品、疫苗、血液和其他医疗用品；在传染性较高的地区安全运送疾病检测样本和检测试剂盒；以及有可能为心脏骤停患者提供快速使用自动体外除颤器的机会。无人机也显示出早期的潜力，通过使用类似机器人的技术为老年人口提供行动辅助，从而使老年医学受益。展望未来，具有诊断成像能力的无人机可能会利用远程医疗技术在评估偏远社区的健康状况方面发挥作用。美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)和欧盟的欧洲航空安全局(EASA)是对无人机使用拥有监管权力的立法机构的一些例子。这些机构监督与无人机有关的所有技术、安全、安保和行政问题。重要的是，无人机继续达到或超过这些监管领域中规定的要求。美国联邦航空局面临着在立法上跟上无人机技术快速进步的挑战。这种相对的滞后被认为减缓了无人机使用的扩散。尽管存在这些监管限制，无人机在21世纪改变医疗保健和医学方面显示出巨大的潜力。
Drones are pilotless aircrafts that were initially used exclusively by the military but are now also used for various scientific purposes, public safety, and in commercial industries. The healthcare industry in particular can benefit from their technical capabilities and ease of use. Common drone applications in medicine include the provision disaster assessments when other means of access are severely restricted; delivering aid packages, medicines, vaccines, blood and other medical supplies to remote areas; providing safe transport of disease test samples and test kits in areas with high contagion; and potential for providing rapid access to automated external defibrillators for patients in cardiac arrest. Drones are also showing early potential to benefit geriatric medicine by providing mobility assistance to elderly populations using robot-like technology. Looking further to the future, drones with diagnostic imaging capabilities may have a role in assessing health in remote communities using telemedicine technology. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in the European Union are some examples of legislative bodies with regulatory authority over drone usage. These agencies oversee all technical, safety, security and administrative issues related to drones. It is important that drones continue to meet or exceed the requirements specified in each of these regulatory areas. The FAA is challenged with keeping pace legislatively with the rapid advances in drone technology. This relative lag has been perceived as slowing the proliferation of drone use. Despite these regulatory limitations, drones are showing significant potential for transforming healthcare and medicine in the 21st century.