Location Fingerprinting With Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons
Location Fingerprinting With Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons
复制标题
DOI：
10.1109/jsac.2015.2430281
复制
发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Harle, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Faragher, Ramsey;Harle, Robert
室内无线电传播的复杂性导致位置感知来源于经验指纹技术，其中定位是通过先前构建的无线电地图（通常是WiFi信号）进行的。最近推出的低功耗蓝牙（BLE）无线协议为室内定位提供了新的机会。它支持便携式电池供电的信标，可以很容易地以低成本分发，这使它比WiFi具有明显的优势。然而，它对无线电频段的不同使用也带来了新的挑战。在这项工作中，我们使用分布在类似600米(2)测试平台周围的19个信标对BLE指纹进行了详细研究，以定位消费者设备。我们展示了BLE对快速衰落的高敏感性，展示了如何减轻这种敏感性，并量化了连续BLE扫描的真实功率成本。我们进一步研究了BLE定位系统中关键参数的选择，包括信标密度、发射功率和发射频率。我们还提供了WiFi指纹的定量比对。我们的结果显示了使用BLE信标进行定位的优势。对于一次性定位（push-to-fix），对于密集BLE网络（每30米1个信标），我们在95%的时间内实现了< 2.6 m的误差，相比之下，降低密度（每100米1个信标）的误差小于4.8 m，而在同一区域内建立的WiFi网络的误差小于8.5 m。
The complexity of indoor radio propagation has resulted in location-awareness being derived from empirical fingerprinting techniques, where positioning is performed via a previously-constructed radio map, usually of WiFi signals. The recent introduction of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio protocol provides new opportunities for indoor location. It supports portable battery-powered beacons that can be easily distributed at low cost, giving it distinct advantages over WiFi. However, its differing use of the radio band brings new challenges too. In this work, we provide a detailed study of BLE fingerprinting using 19 beacons distributed around a similar to 600 m(2) testbed to position a consumer device. We demonstrate the high susceptibility of BLE to fast fading, show how to mitigate this, and quantify the true power cost of continuous BLE scanning. We further investigate the choice of key parameters in a BLE positioning system, including beacon density, transmit power, and transmit frequency. We also provide quantitative comparison with WiFi fingerprinting. Our results show advantages to the use of BLE beacons for positioning. For one-shot (push-to-fix) positioning we achieve < 2.6 m error 95% of the time for a dense BLE network (1 beacon per 30 m(2)), compared to < 4.8 m for a reduced density (1 beacon per 100 m(2)) and < 8.5 m for an established WiFi network in the same area.