TRPM channels and magnesium in early embryonic development.
TRPM channels and magnesium in early embryonic development.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1387/ijdb.150196lr
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Runnels LW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Komiya Y;Runnels LW
镁是第二丰富的细胞阳离子，对生命的所有阶段都是必不可少的，从早期胚胎到成年。镁离子缺乏导致或导致许多人类疾病，包括偏头痛、帕金森氏病、阿尔茨海默病、低血压、2型糖尿病和心律失常。虽然细胞外环境中的镁离子浓度变化很大，但细胞内的总镁离子浓度通过严格的、但知之甚少的镁离子转运体和镁离子通道对细胞内镁离子的调节而活跃地维持在一个相对较窄的范围内(14-20 mM)。最近的研究继续增加了越来越多的参与镁离子稳态的镁离子转运体和离子通道，包括瞬时受体电位(Trp)离子通道家族的成员TRPM6和TRPM7。TRPM6的突变，包括阻止其与TRPM7异源寡聚的氨基酸替换，发生在罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病低镁血症并继发性低钙血症(HSH)中。然而，事实是，在小鼠中，这两个基因的遗传消融都会导致早期胚胎死亡，这引发了这样一个问题：这些通道调节镁离子内流的能力是否在胚胎发育中发挥了重要作用。在这里，我们回顾了已知的镁离子在早期发育中的功能，并总结了最近关于TRPM6和TRPM7离子通道在胚胎发育中功能的研究结果。
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the second most abundant cellular cation and is essential for all stages of life, from the early embryo to adult. Mg2+ deficiency causes or contributes to many human diseases, including migraine headaches, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, hypotension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiac arrhythmias. Although the concentration of Mg2+ in the extracellular environment can vary significantly, the total intracellular Mg2+ concentration is actively maintained within a relatively narrow range (14 – 20 mM) via tight, yet poorly understood, regulation of intracellular Mg2+ by Mg2+ transporters and Mg2+-permeant ion channels. Recent studies have continued to add to the growing number of Mg2+ transporters and ion channels involved in Mg2+ homeostasis, including TRPM6 and TRPM7, members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family. Mutations in TRPM6, including amino acid substitutions that prevent its heterooligomerization with TRPM7, occur in the rare autosomal-recessive disease hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia (HSH). However, is the fact that genetic ablation of either gene in mice results in early embryonic lethality that has raised the question of whether these channels’ capacity to mediate Mg2+ influx plays an important role in embryonic development. Here we review what is known of the function of Mg2+ in early development and summarize recent findings regarding the function of the TRPM6 and TRPM7 ion channels during embryogenesis.