Particulate emissions from in-use commercial aircraft
Particulate emissions from in-use commercial aircraft
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DOI：
10.1080/02786820500247363
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Miake-Lye, RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Herndon, SC;Onasch, TB;Miake-Lye, RC
颗粒物排放指数（每公斤燃料）已确定采样平流羽流在使用中的商用飞机在两个不同的机场，使用一种新的方法。观察到怠速和起飞之间的颗粒排放的数量，幅度和组成的差异。在第一个机场，电低压冲击器（ELPI）的数据表明，基于数量的排放指数（EIn）从不同的飞机起飞羽流的数量级不同。此外，怠速羽流的EIn值大于起飞时的EIn值。在第二个机场，从凝结粒子计数器（CPC）测量得出的EIn值跨度类似于一个数量级（每千克燃料3.50 × 10（15）个粒子）。怠速和起飞羽流的中值分别为每公斤燃料1.8 × 10（16）和7.6 × 10（15）个颗粒。对于起飞羽流，颗粒物排放指数的大小与两个机场的NOx无关。用扩散充电（DC）和光电气溶胶传感器（PAS）仪器测量的起飞羽流和怠速羽流中微粒排放物的表面性质有很大不同。结果表明，起飞羽流的特点是颗粒与光电活性表面，大概是元素碳，而闲置羽流由非光电活性成分和涂层烟灰颗粒。颗粒尺寸分布（ELPI）的测量结果显示了两种模式的证据，一种是空气动力学直径接近90 nm，另一种是仪器截止值或以下（< 30 nm）。
Particulate emission indices ( per kg fuel) have been determined by sampling the advected plumes of in-use commercial aircraft at two different airports using a novel approach. Differences are observed in the number, magnitude, and composition of the particle emissions between idle and take-off. At the first airport, Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) data indicate that number based emission indices (EIn) vary by an order of magnitude for take-off plumes from different aircraft. Additionally, EIn values for idle plumes are greater than take-off. At the second airport, EIn values derived from condensation particle counter (CPC) measurements span similar to an order of magnitude (3.50 x 10(15) particles per kg fuel). The median values of the idle and take-off plumes were 1.8 x 10(16) and 7.6 x 10(15) particles per kg fuel, respectively. For take-off plumes, the magnitude of the particulate emission index is not correlated with NOx at either airport. The surface properties of the particulate emissions in take-off and idle plumes differ significantly as measured by diffusion charging (DC) and photoelectric aerosol sensor (PAS) instruments. Results indicate that takeoff plumes are characterized by particles with photoelectric-active surfaces, presumably elemental carbon, whereas idle plumes are composed of non-photoelectric-active constituents and coated soot particles. Measurements of the particulate size distribution (ELPI) show evidence for two modes, one at similar to 90 nm aerodynamic diameter and a second mode at or below the instrument cutoff (< 30 nm).