Fear of falling
Fear of falling
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DOI：
10.1093/ptj/82.3.264
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Legters, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Legters, K
自20世纪80年代初发现跌倒后综合征（1）并使用术语“跌倒恐惧症”（对站立或行走的恐惧反应）（2）以来，跌倒恐惧症（FOF）已被公认为老年人的健康问题。为了衡量这一实体，出现了各种定义。Tinetti和Powell（3）将FOF描述为对跌倒的持续关注，最终限制了日常活动的表现。其他作者（4.5）将FOF称为患者对自己的平衡能力失去信心。还有其他作者（6）将FOF定义为一个一般概念，描述了与跌倒相关的低有效性（避免福尔斯的信心低）和害怕跌倒。一项研究（7）表明，受试者并没有将自己描述为“害怕摔倒”，而是“担心”摔倒。在研究的早期阶段，FOF主要被认为是摔倒的后果。研究人员讨论了FOF是由跌倒的心理创伤引起的，导致活动减少和随后的身体能力丧失。（2.8-10）然而，最近的研究表明，FOF发生在那些没有跌倒的人身上（4.11，12），此外，研究人员还发现了FOF与老年人身体、心理和功能变化的关系。(6)正在进行的研究集中在FOF的原因，消除误解（例如，FOF是正常衰老过程的结果），并确定最有效地解决FOF的干预措施。然而，研究人员认为FOF的病因是多因素的（12，13），他们认为FOF可能比老年人的福尔斯更普遍和严重（6.13），因此值得关注。本次更新的目的是提高读者对FOF当前研究结果的认识，包括其在美国不断增长的老年人中的患病率，如何测量，FOF与其他条件的关系，以及用于解决这个问题的干预措施。将讨论在衡量和干预领域进一步研究的必要性。
Since the identification of the post-fall syndrome(1) and use of the term "ptophobia" (the phobic reaction to standing or walking)(2) in the early 1980s, fear of falling (FOF) has gained recognition as a health problem of older adults. In an attempt to measure this entity, various definitions have evolved. Tinetti and Powell(3) described FOF as an ongoing concern about falling that ultimately limits the performance of daily activities. Other authors(4.5) have referred to FOF as a patient's loss of confidence in his or her balance abilities. Still other authors(6) defined FOF as a general concept that described low fall-related efficacy (low confidence at avoiding falls) and being afraid of falling. Subjects in one study(7) indicated then did not describe themselves as being "afraid of falling," but rather were "worried" about falling.In the early phase of research, FOF was largely believed to be a consequence of falling. Researchers discussed FOF as resulting from the psychological trauma of the fall, leading to reduced activity and subsequent losses in physical capabilities.(2.8-10) Recent research, however, has revealed FOF in those who have not fallen(4.11,12) and, furthermore, leas uncovered a relationship to physical, psychological, and functional changes in older adults.(6) Ongoing studies are focusing on the causes of FOF, dispelling misconceptions (eg, FOF being a result of the normal aging process), and identifying the interventions that address FOF most effectively. The researchers, however, agree that FOF is multifactorial in etiology,(12,13) and they suggest that FOF may be a more pervasive and serious problem than falls in older adults(6.13) and thus deserves attention.The purpose of this update is to increase the reader's awareness of the current findings about FOF, including its prevalence among the growing older adult population in the United States, how it is measured, the relationships of FOF to other conditions, and the interventions that are being used to address this problem. The need for further research in the areas of measurement and intervention will be discussed.