Maternal care, the epigenome and phenotypic differences in behavior
Maternal care, the epigenome and phenotypic differences in behavior
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DOI：
10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.05.001
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Meaney, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Szyf, Moshe;Weaver, Ian;Meaney, Michael
基因组由表观基因组编程，表观基因组由染色质和DNA的共价甲基化修饰组成。表观遗传模式是在发育过程中塑造的，以塑造生物体不同细胞类型中基因表达程序的多样性。发育中的胎儿的表观基因组对母体营养、暴露于环境毒素以及心理压力尤其敏感。这里的假设是，不仅化学物质，而且幼犬暴露于社会行为，如母性照顾，都可能影响表观基因组。由于表观遗传编程定义了基因的表达状态，表观遗传差异可能与遗传多态性具有相同的后果。我们将在此提出一种将母亲行为和表观遗传编程联系起来的机制，并将讨论在生命早期产生的类似表观遗传变异在产生人类行为的个体间差异中发挥作用的前景。我们推测，暴露于影响表观遗传机制的不同环境毒素可能会改变大脑中长期建立的表观遗传程序。(c) 2007年Elsevier Inc.出版
The genome is programmed by the epigenome, which is comprised of chromatin and a covalent modification of DNA by methylation. Epigenetic patterns are sculpted during development to shape the diversity of gene expression programs in the different cell types of the organism. The epigenome of the developing fetus is especially sensitive to maternal nutrition, and exposure to environmental toxins as well as psychological stress. It is postulated here that not only chemicals but also exposure of the young pup to social behavior, such as maternal care, could affect the epigenome. Since epigenetic programming defines the state of expression of genes, epigenetic differences could have the same consequences as genetic polymorphisms. We will propose here a mechanism linking maternal behavior and epigenetic programming and we will discuss the prospect that similar epigenetic variations generated during early life play a role in generating inter-individual differences in human behavior. We speculate that exposures to different environmental toxins, which affect the epigenetic machinery might alter long-established epigenetic programs in the brain. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc.