Seasonality, biodiversity and microhabitats in benthic foraminiferal communities
Seasonality, biodiversity and microhabitats in benthic foraminiferal communities
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底栖有孔虫群落的季节性、生物多样性和微生境
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Jannink
中科院分区：
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作者：
N. Jannink
本生有孔虫（Protista：Sarcodina）是广泛分布于世界各地的 ol11' 细胞生物。
worlds' oceans.大多数物种可以通过其外壳的形态来区分
这些贝壳的高保存潜力使它们成为确定沉积层和
重建古代环境。然而，后者需要对生态学有足够的洞察力。
经过数十年对底栖有孔虫生态学的研究，问题多于答案
存在。尽管如此，在过去的 fn-v 年里，我们似乎已经通过以下方式更接近了一些答案：
实验和监测研究。而实验是有用的，因为可以
标准化环境参数，由于重复采样，监测研究很有价值
在一年或几年内。这些时间系列为我们提供了有关有孔细胞如何
社区随着季节的变化而变化，并随着时间的推移而发展。随着平铺重复采样
位于一个区域内的几个区域我们还可以了解有孔虫的差异
社区结构OVLT距离。
在亚得里亚海北部的监测研究中。 BannawicUap et a1. （1992）发现大季节性
有孔虫丰度的变化<;和沉积物内分布。食物通量和
特别是沉积物的氧化，被发现在有孔虫的生长过程中发挥着重要作用。
community structures. 1995 年，Jorissen 等人。提出了 TROX 模型。其中描述了
根据这两个主要控制因子来研究有孔虫组合。 food and oJo,:ygen.
为了进一步揭示食物和氧气在底栖有孔虫群落中的重要性，
1996年开始实施规模较大的监测项目。该项目充分考虑了两个
地中海、富营养化的亚得里亚海和贫营养化的不同区域
黎凡特盆地。 [在黎凡特盆地，已知该地区的营养水平较低。的稳定性
环境预期相对较高。这与亚得里亚海形成鲜明对比，
vc 知道环境在一年中会发生巨大变化，这是
受有孔虫丰度影响（Barrnawidjaja 等人 (992)）。为了研究<;季节性变化
在有孔虫群落中，两个研究区域在 6 月 16 至 6 月期间每两个月进行一次监测
98 年 6 月。
在黎凡特盆地，Wt' >研究了垂直于以色列海岸 40 度的下坡横断面
至'7oom水深。几种海洋学特性（叶绿素-a、温度、盐度和
溶解氧） ,,-c-rc mc-~sllrC'd <illllliunrolldy wirh rhf' 沉积物采样。沉积物
详细测量了氧合情况，并对 hVlllg（孟加拉红染色）底栖有孔虫进行了
收集的。
Benrhic foraminifera (Protista: Sarcodina) are ol1l'-ceUed organisms that are widely spread over the
worlds' oceans. Most of the species can be distinguished by the morphology of their sheJl, and the
high preservation potential of these shells makes them a lIseful tool to date sediment layers and
reconstruct ancient environments. The latter, however, reqUires sufficient insight in the t'cology.
After decades of research on the ecology of benthic foraminifera, stiLi more questions than answers
exist. Nevertheless, the last fn-v years we seem to have come closer to some answers through
experimental and monitorIng studies. Whereas experiments are useful because of the possibility to
standardise environmental parameters, monitoring studies are valuable because of repetitive sampling
during one or several years. These time seriL's provide us with knowledge on how foraminiteral
communities change during the seasons, and develop over the years. With tile repetitive sampling of
several s[;l.tions situated within one region we also gain insight in diffcrencn in foraminiferal
community structures OVLT distance.
In a monitoring study of the- northern Adriatic Sea. BannawicUap et a1. (1992) found large seasonal
changes in foraminiferal abundance<; and in-sediment distribution. The combination of food flux and
especially oxygenation of the sediment, was found to playa major role in the foraminiferal
community structures. In 1995, Jorissen et aJ. prese-nted the TROX-model. which describes the
foramjniferal assemblages in the light of these two major controlling f.1ctors. food and oJo,:ygen.
To further unravel the importance of food and oxygen in benthic foraminiferal communities, a
rather large-scale monitoring project was starred in 1996. This project regarded two completely
different regions within the Mediterranean Sea, the eutrophic Adriatic Sea and the oligotrophic
Levantine Basin. [n the Levantine basin, where nutrient levels are known to be low. tht' stability of
the environment was expected to be relatively high. This in contrast with the Adriatic Sea, from
which \vc knew that environmenl,d circuITI<tances change drastically throughout the year, which is
re{Ject by the foraminiferal abundances (Barrnawidjaja et aJ. (992). In order to srudy <;easonal changes
in the foraminiferal communities both study areas were monitored bi-monthly between June '<,16 and
June '98.
In the Levantine basin, Wt' >tudied a down-slope transect perpendicular to the Israeli coast trom 40
to '7oom water depth. Several oceanographic properties (chlurophyll-a, temperature, salinity, and
dissolved oxygen) ,,-c-rc mc-~sllrC'd <illllliunrolldy wirh rhf' samphng of sedirnents. The sediment
oxygenation was measured in detail and hVlllg (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were
collected.