Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases.
Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2020.587380
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Trier NH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Houen G;Trier NH
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是一种非常成功的人类疱疹病毒，基本上所有人都会在一生中的某个时候感染。EBV感染和相关的免疫反应导致抗体的产生（血清转化），这主要发生在生命的最初几年，但也可能发生在青春期或以后的生活中。青少年感染可导致传染性单核细胞增多症，这是一种以大量淋巴细胞增多为特征的急性严重疾病。eb病毒主要通过唾液传播，但很少通过精液或血液传播，例如通过器官移植和输血。EBV通过口腔分泌物传播导致口咽上皮细胞感染。eb病毒可以从上皮细胞感染B细胞，B细胞是病毒的主要储存库，但其他类型的细胞也可能被感染。因此，EBV可以在不同类型的细胞之间穿梭，主要是B细胞和上皮细胞。此外，由于病毒可以在潜伏和裂解生命周期之间切换，EBV有能力引起慢性复发/再激活感染。上皮细胞的慢性或复发性EBV感染与系统性红斑狼疮和Sjögren综合征有关，而B细胞的慢性/复发性感染与类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症和其他疾病有关。因此，由于EBV可以在上皮细胞和B细胞之间穿梭，全身性自身免疫性疾病通常以重叠综合征的形式发生，症状和特征性自身抗体（如抗核抗体和类风湿因子）反映上皮细胞和/或B细胞感染。
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an extremely successful human herpes virus, which infects essentially all human beings at some time during their life span. EBV infection and the associated immune response results in production of antibodies (seroconversion), which occurs mainly during the first years of life, but may also happen during adolescence or later in life. Infection of adolescents can result in infectious mononucleosis, an acute serious condition characterized by massive lymphocytosis. Transmission of EBV mainly occurs through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood, e.g. through organ transplantations and blood transfusions. EBV transmission through oral secretions results in infection of epithelial cells of the oropharynx. From the epithelial cells EBV can infect B cells, which are the major reservoir for the virus, but other cell types may also become infected. As a result, EBV can shuttle between different cell types, mainly B cells and epithelial cells. Moreover, since the virus can switch between a latent and a lytic life cycle, EBV has the ability to cause chronic relapsing/reactivating infections. Chronic or recurrent EBV infection of epithelial cells has been linked to systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren’s syndrome, whereas chronic/recurrent infection of B cells has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and other diseases. Accordingly, since EBV can shuttle between epithelial cells and B cells, the systemic autoimmune diseases often occur as overlapping syndromes with symptoms and characteristic autoantibodies (e.g. antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factors) reflecting epithelial and/or B cell infection.