Divorce, dispersal and incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus
Divorce, dispersal and incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00694.x
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Double, MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cockburn, A;Osmond, HL;Double, MC
1.在1988-2001年间，我们研究了极好的仙女--蓝鳍金丝猴(Malurus cyaneus(Latham))的社会关系，这是一种与雄性助手合作的繁殖者，其中群外受精比配对内受精更常见。与其他仙女不同的是，雌性从不在其出生的领地上繁殖。一岁的雌鸟要么直接从它们的出生地分散到繁殖的空地，要么转移到外国的“中转站”，在那里它们作为下属度过了第一个冬天。散居到异国他乡的雌性在更大的群体中定居。在外国领地上，如果占主导地位的雌性死亡，雌性就会继承领地，有时还能通过与帮手雄性配对将领地一分为二。然而，大多数人再次分散，获得了空余。从集结地离开的雌性通常会获得邻近的空缺，但直接从出生地获得空缺的雌性会走得更远，可能是为了避免与相关男性配对或交配。女性经常与她们的伴侣离婚，尽管大多数关系都是因为其中一人的死亡而终止的。如果死亡没有介入，三分之一的配对在1000天内因女性发起的离婚而终止。研究发现有三种离婚综合症。首先，未能获得首选领地的女性会搬到有更多帮手的领地。其次，在配偶去世后与儿子配对的女性通常会与他们离婚。第三，处于长期关系中的女性，一旦儿子获得高级帮手职位，就会离婚。分散以避免与儿子配对与避免乱伦是一致的。然而，可能还有两个额外的好处。母亲不与她们的儿子交配，因此母亲的分散使她的儿子解放出来竞争群体内的交配。此外，一旦她们的儿子成为饲养员或高级帮手后离婚，女性就可以让儿子排队争夺另一个领域的统治地位。没有采取这一选择的女性在招募更多男孩到当地社区的能力方面面临限制。
1. Between 1988 and 2001, we studied social relationships in the superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus (Latham), a cooperative breeder with male helpers in which extra-group fertilizations are more common than within-pair fertilizations.2. Unlike other fairy-wren species, females never bred on their natal territory. First-year females dispersed either directly from their natal territory to a breeding vacancy or to a foreign 'staging-post' territory where they spent their first winter as a subordinate. Females dispersing to a foreign territory settled in larger groups. Females on foreign territories inherited the territory if the dominant female died, and were sometimes able to split the territory into two by pairing with a helper male. However, most dispersed again to obtain a vacancy.3. Females dispersing from a staging post usually gained a neighbouring vacancy, but females gaining a vacancy directly from their natal territory travelled further, perhaps to avoid pairing or mating with related males.4. Females frequently divorced their partner, although the majority of relationships were terminated by the death of one of the pair. If death did not intervene, one-third of pairings were terminated by female-initiated divorce within 1000 days.5. Three divorce syndromes were recognized. First, females that failed to obtain a preferred territory moved to territories with more helpers. Secondly, females that became paired to their sons when their partner died usually divorced away from them. Thirdly, females that have been in a long relationship divorce once a son has gained the senior helper position.6. Dispersal to avoid pairing with sons is consistent with incest avoidance. However, there may be two additional benefits. Mothers do not mate with their sons, so dispersal by the mother liberates her sons to compete for within-group matings. Further, divorcing once their son has become a breeder or a senior helper allows the female to start sons in a queue for dominance on another territory. Females that do not take this option face constraints on their ability to recruit more sons into the local neighbourhood.