"Caught with a body" yet protected by law? Calling 911 for opioid overdose in the context of the Good Samaritan Law
"Caught with a body" yet protected by law? Calling 911 for opioid overdose in the context of the Good Samaritan Law
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.010
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Bergstein, Rachel S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Latimore, Amanda D.;Bergstein, Rachel S.
背景资料：为了解决阿片类药物过量致死率飙升的问题，美国41个州通过了《好撒玛利亚人法》（GSL），将法律的豁免权扩大到呼吁紧急援助的过量旁观者。本研究在实施GSL后的一段时间内进行，旨在描述当前决定在过量现场呼叫紧急医疗帮助（911）的因素，特别注意探索GSL作为决策因素之一的作用。方法：我们对马里兰州巴尔的摩的针头交换计划客户进行了22次深入访谈。大多数参与者报告称在药物过量后拨打911或目睹911电话，但普遍仍然害怕因持有毒品或随身物品，杀人，未执行的逮捕令和/或非法侵入而被捕。这些担忧的基础是警察虐待和威胁的历史以及对警察的强烈不信任;这些担忧具体涉及对警察在吸毒过量现场的行为的看法以及对警察总体行为的看法。其他考虑因素包括：他们害怕失去住房、非正式住所或儿童监护权;遭受社会耻辱;以及面临当地毒贩的暴力和致命后果。此外，一些参与者没有意识到拨打911的医疗风险。三分之二的参与者不知道GSL。有人认为，GSL将积极影响执法行为，并增加了旁观者的可能性，但由于不信任警察，其他人认为GSL将有旁观者的decisions.Conclusion影响不大：从过量旁观者的见解在后实施期间的好撒玛利亚人法表现出持久的威慑旁观者过量后拨打911。需要采取额外措施，使政策目标与过量旁观者的生活经历保持一致，并实现预防过量的目标。(C)2017爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Background: To address soaring opioid overdose fatality rates, 41 U.S. states have passed Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) extending legal immunity to overdose bystanders who call for emergency assistance. This study, conducted during the period that followed implementation of a GSL, aimed to characterize current factors determining the decision to call for emergency medical help (911) at the scene of an overdose with specific attention to exploring the role of the GSL as one such factor in decision-making.Methods: We conducted 22 in-depth interviews with needle exchange program clients in Baltimore, MD.Results: Most participants reported calling 911 or witnessing a 911 call after drug overdose, but widely remained fearful of arrest for drug or paraphernalia possession, homicide, outstanding warrants, and/or trespassing. These concerns were underpinned by a history of police maltreatment and threat, and strong distrust of police; concerns which were specifically related to perceptions of police conduct at the scene of an overdose as well as perceptions of police conduct in general. Additional considerations included: fear of losing housing, informal shelter or custody of children; encountering social stigma; and facing violent and fatal repercussions at the hands of local drug dealers. Additionally, some participants did not perceive a significant enough medical risk to call 911. Two thirds of participants were unaware of the GSL. Some believed a GSL would positively impact law enforcement behaviour and increase the likelihood of a bystander call; but due to distrust of police, others believed the GSL would have little influence on bystander decisions.Conclusion: Insights from overdose bystanders during the post-implementation period of a Good Samaritan Law demonstrate persistent deterrents to bystanders calling 911 after overdose. Additional measures are needed to align policy aims with lived experiences of overdose bystanders, and to achieve overdose prevention aims. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.