Chitinases and Imaginal disc growth factors organize the extracellular matrix formation at barrier tissues in insects.
Chitinases and Imaginal disc growth factors organize the extracellular matrix formation at barrier tissues in insects.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep18340
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发表时间：
2016-02-03
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Behr M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pesch YY;Riedel D;Patil KR;Loch G;Behr M
角质层形成一个顶端的细胞外基质（ECM），覆盖暴露的器官，如表皮，气管和肠道，用于组织形态发生和保护昆虫。最近，我们报道了角质层蛋白和几丁质参与ECM的形成。然而，控制ECM及其组分的组装、成熟和替换的分子机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们调查了很少描述的glyco-18-domain水解酶家族在果蝇，并确定了几丁质酶（Chts）和椎间盘生长因子（Idgfs）是必需的幼虫和成虫蜕皮。我们证明，Cht和idgf耗尽导致畸形的cupelae，幼虫和成人蜕皮缺陷，以及对创伤和细菌感染的保护不足，这共同导致早期致死。我们发现，Cht 2/Cht 5/Cht 7/Cht 9/Cht 12和idgf 1/idgf 3/idgf 4/idgf 5/idgf 6是在顶端细胞表面组织蛋白质和几丁质基质所必需的。我们的数据表明，正常的ECM形成需要Chts，这可能会水解几丁质聚合物。我们进一步表明，非酶idgf作为结构蛋白，以保持ECM支架对几丁质降解。保护的Chts和Idgfs提出了类似的作用，在ECM动态的昆虫类群，表明Chts/Idgfs是新的目标物种特异性害虫防治。
The cuticle forms an apical extracellular-matrix (ECM) that covers exposed organs, such as epidermis, trachea and gut, for organizing morphogenesis and protection of insects. Recently, we reported that cuticle proteins and chitin are involved in ECM formation. However, molecular mechanisms that control assembly, maturation and replacement of the ECM and its components are not well known. Here we investigated the poorly described glyco-18-domain hydrolase family in Drosophila and identified the Chitinases (Chts) and imaginal-disc-growth-factors (Idgfs) that are essential for larval and adult molting. We demonstrate that Cht and idgf depletion results in deformed cuticles, larval and adult molting defects, and insufficient protection against wounding and bacterial infection, which altogether leads to early lethality. We show that Cht2/Cht5/Cht7/Cht9/Cht12 and idgf1/idgf3/idgf4/idgf5/idgf6 are needed for organizing proteins and chitin-matrix at the apical cell surface. Our data indicate that normal ECM formation requires Chts, which potentially hydrolyze chitin-polymers. We further suggest that the non-enzymatic idgfs act as structural proteins to maintain the ECM scaffold against chitinolytic degradation. Conservation of Chts and Idgfs proposes analogous roles in ECM dynamics across the insect taxa, indicating that Chts/Idgfs are new targets for species specific pest control.