Hormonal Release of Stereotyped Motor Programmes from the Isolated Nervous System of the Cecropia Silkmoth
Hormonal Release of Stereotyped Motor Programmes from the Isolated Nervous System of the Cecropia Silkmoth
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发表时间：
1978-06
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通讯作者：
J. Truman
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作者：
J. Truman
1.在蛾Hyalophora cecropia中，将羽化激素注射到羽化前（pharate）动物中会释放出一系列刻板的行为，这些行为有助于蛾逃离蛹角质层和茧。羽化前的行为开始注射后15分钟，并持续60分钟。第一个30分钟是一个活跃的时期，包括频繁的腹部旋转; 30分钟的安静期如下。随后是羽化行为，包括有节奏的蠕动波，以每分钟3-5次的频率向上移动腹部。同样的行为可以通过注射激素到隔离的pharate acidens中引起。2.完全隔离的腹部中枢神经系统响应羽化激素的产生的运动活动，模仿预期在前羽化和羽化行为。3.在隔离的中枢神经系统的羽化前的行为方案的持续时间是有关的一般兴奋状态的准备和变化从57至325分钟。在后者的情况下，行为延长作为一个单位与成比例的增加发生在两个活跃和安静的时期的长度。但是，个体旋转爆发的结构似乎与羽化前程序总体时间的这些变化无关。4.在孤立的中枢神经系统的羽化行为的爆发的频率总是低于在完整的动物中看到的。频率与前羽化行为的长度无关。得出的结论是，羽化行为代表了一个行为程序，是不同于羽化前的行为。羽化爆发的结构与爆发的频率无关。5.已老化2天的分离的Pharate Escherichens通常失去执行羽化前行为的能力，但仍显示出对激素注射的响应。在这些情况下，羽化程序直到注射后70-90分钟才开始。从老年腹部分离的CNS制备物获得了类似的结果。6.将激素加入到分离的CNS制备物中，然后在此后的不同时间洗脱。在最初暴露仅几分钟后，激素可以被去除而不干扰羽化前或羽化行为的开始或发挥。7.得出的结论是，羽化激素直接作用于中枢神经系统，触发两个不同的行为程序。这些方案的顺序安排主要是由于它们各自的时间安排。每个程序都有一个两层的分层安排，其中包括一个突发定时器和一个突发模式发生器。感觉反馈似乎影响两个方案的不同组成部分。在羽化前的程序中，感觉输入改变了旋转爆发的模式，但显然不是在行为过程中产生的爆发的数量。在羽化程序的情况下，感觉反馈影响爆发的频率，但不是个人爆发的模式。
1.In the moth Hyalophora cecropia, injection of the eclosion hormone into pre-emergence (pharate) animals releases a stereotyped series of behaviours that assist the moth in escaping from the pupal cuticle and cocoon. The preeclosion behaviour begins 15 min after injection and lasts for 60 min. The first 30 min is an active period consisting of frequent abdominal rotations; a 30 min quiet period follows. This is followed by the eclosion behaviour which consists of rhythmic peristaltic waves which move up the abdomen at a frequency of 3-5 per min. The same behaviours can be elicited by injection of hormone into isolated pharate abdomens. 2.The completely isolated abdominal CNS responded to the eclosion hormone by the generation of a programme of motor activity that mimicked that expected during the pre-eclosion and eclosion behaviours. 3.The duration of the pre-eclosion behaviour programme in the isolated CNS was related to the general excitatory state of the preparation and varied from 57 to 325 min. In the latter instances, the behaviour lengthened as a unit with proportional increases occurring in the lengths of both the active and the quiet periods. But the structure of the individual rotational bursts appeared to be independent of these changes in the overall timing of the pre-eclosion programme. 4.The frequency of bursts during the eclosion behaviour of the isolated CNS was always lower than that seen in intact animals. The frequency was not correlated with the length of the preceding pre-eclosion behaviour. It was concluded that the eclosion behaviour represented a behavioural programme that was distinct from the pre-eclosion behaviour. The structure of the eclosion bursts was independent of the frequency of bursting. 5.Isolated pharate abdomens that had been aged for 2 days, often lost the ability to perform the pre-eclosion behaviour but still showed eclosion in response to hormone injection. In these cases the eclosion programme did not begin until 70-90 min after injection. Similar results were obtained with an isolated CNS preparation from an aged abdomen. 6.Hormone was added to isolated CNS preparations and then washedout at various times thereafter. After an initial exposure of only a few minutes, the hormone could be removed without interference with the initiation or play-out of either the pre-eclosion or eclosion behaviours. 7.It was concluded that the eclosion hormone acts directly on the CNS to trigger two distinct behavioural programmes. The sequential arrangement of these programmes is due primarily to their respective latencies. Each programme has a two-tier hierarchical arrangement which includes a burst timer and a burst pattern generator. Sensory feedback appears to affect different components of the two programmes. In the pre-eclosion programme, sensory input alters the pattern of the rotary bursts but apparently not the number of bursts generated during the behaviour. In the case of the eclosion programme, sensory feedback influences the frequency of bursting but not the pattern of the individual bursts.