Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
Role of the boundary in feather bud formation on one-dimensional bioengineered skin
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DOI：
10.1063/1.4989414
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发表时间：
2018-02
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Kentaro Ishida;T. Mitsui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kentaro Ishida;T. Mitsui
在图灵的反应-扩散方程中，边界在从均匀状态形成模式中的作用是重要的，特别是当域大小与模式尺度相当时。这样的实验条件可以实现体外再生的外胚层附属物，如羽毛，通过胚胎单细胞的重建。这种方法可以消除预先确定的基因图谱，比如小鸡羽毛芽形成的中线，留下均匀分布的相同细胞作为生物工程皮肤。在这里，在生物工程的1d皮肤样本中检测了多个羽毛芽形成的自组织性质。羽芽的原始形成发生在距离皮肤边缘一定长度的地方。这种形成被一个标准的双组分反应-扩散模型数值再现，表明边界效应导致了这种观察结果。适当的边界条件是非标准的，要么是混合的狄利克雷-诺伊曼条件，要么是部分通量条件。此外，该模型暗示不完全或阻碍芽形成以及芽之间的距离几乎相等。相反，实验观察表明，我们的模型中没有包括的皮肤曲率也强烈影响芽的形成。因此，生物工程皮肤可以为从同质状态建模自组织过程提供理想的模板。本研究将研究激活剂或抑制剂候选分子在细胞聚集过程中的扩散活性和机械活性，这将促进我们对多能干细胞或胚胎干细胞皮肤附属物再生的理解。
The role of a boundary in pattern formation from a homogenous state in Turing's reaction–diffusion equations is important, particularly when the domain size is comparable to the pattern scale. Such experimental conditions may be achieved for in vitro regeneration of ectodermal appendages such as feathers, via reconstruction of embryonic single cells. This procedure can eliminate a predefined genetic map, such as the midline of chick feather bud formation, leaving uniformly distributed identical cells as a bioengineered skin. Here, the self-organizing nature of multiple feather bud formation was examined in bioengineered 1D-skin samples. Primal formation of feather buds occurred at a fixed length from the skin edge. This formation was numerically recapitulated by a standard two-component reaction-diffusion model, suggesting that the boundary effect caused this observation. The proper boundary conditions were nonstandard, either mixed Dirichlet–Neumann or partial-flux. In addition, the model implies imperfect or hindered bud formation as well as nearly equal distances between buds. In contrast, experimental observations indicated that the skin curvature, which was not included in our model, also strongly affected bud formation. Thus, bioengineered skin may provide an ideal template for modeling a self-organized process from a homogenous state. This study will examine the possible diffusion activities of activator or inhibitor molecular candidates and mechanical activities during cell aggregation, which will advance our understanding of skin appendage regeneration from pluripotent or embryonic stem cells.