River Meanders
River Meanders
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2005
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River Meanders
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River Meanders
有没有什么东西是一个straig.. l河？另外，任何人都可以说一条河比较直或不太直，因为在一定的距离内，直的部分不是很直就是很长。事实上，几乎可以肯定的是，任何一条河的直线距离都不会是它在那一点上宽度的10倍。河道的弯曲在地图和航空照片上都很明显，在那里，一条十英尺长的河流的连续曲线似乎有一定的规律性。在许多情况下，曲线的重复模式是如此明显，这是河流最显着的特征。这样的曲线被称为曲流，在土耳其的一条蜿蜒的溪流在古希腊时代被称为hiaiandros，今天被称为hlenderes。河流曲流的几何规律性引起了地质学家的兴趣。地质调查已经对理解这一现象的一般机制问题进行了大量的研究。简而言之，我们已经发现，河曲不仅仅是自然的偶然现象，而且是河流在转弯时所做的铸造工作的形式，因此是河流所能采取的最可能的形式。
s there sucli a thing a s a straig..l river? Alinost :inyone can tliiuk of a river that is inore or less straight for :I certain distaiice, brit it is iinlikely that the straight portion is either very straight or very long. In fact, it is almost certain that the distance any river is straight docs not cxccetl 10 times its width at that point. The sinuosity of river channels is clearly apparent in maps and aerial photographs, where the successive curves of a river of‘ten appear to havc a certain regularity. In niany instances the repeating pattern of curves is so pronounced that it is the most distinctive characteristic of the river. Such curves are called meanders, after a winding stream in Turkey knowii in ancient Greek times as the hiaiandros and today as the hlenderes. The nearly geometric regularity of river meanders lins attracted the interest of geologists for many years, and :it the U S . Gcological Survey wc havc devoted considerable study to the problem of understanding the general mechanism that underlies the phenomenon. In brief, we have found that meanders arc not mere accidents of nature but the form in which a river does thc lcast work in turning, and hence are the most probablc form a river can take.