Gender differences in food and nutrient intakes and status indices from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of People Aged 65 Years and Over
Gender differences in food and nutrient intakes and status indices from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of People Aged 65 Years and Over
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600834
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Finch, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bates, CJ;Prentice, A;Finch, S
目的：确定食物选择、营养素摄入量和状态指数的性别差异的模式和可能的解释，特别是微量营养素，在英国老年人的代表性样本中，他们参加了1994- 95年期间对65岁及以上人群的全国饮食和营养调查。设计：Sun ey的程序包括健康和生活方式访谈、四天的称重饮食记录、人体测量和空腹血液样本的生化指标。设置：从英国大陆随机选择80个邮政编码区。在1556名接受采访的非机构老年人中，80%的人同意提供完整的四天饮食记录，63%的人同意提供血液样本用于状态指数测量。干预措施：无。主要结果：在食物选择上最显著的性别差异是，女性吃更多的黄油、全脂米利和某些饮料、蛋糕、苹果、梨和香蕉，而男性则吃更多的鸡蛋、糖和某些肉制品，喝更多的酒精饮料，尤其是啤酒和淡啤酒。当调整能量摄入量时，年轻女性（65-79岁）的脂肪、视黄醇、维生素C和钙的摄入量高于年轻男性。老年妇女（80岁以上）的脂肪和维生素E摄入量高于老年男子，但蛋白质、锌和α-胡萝卜素的摄入量较低。年轻女性比年轻男性有更好的地位指数：α-和β-胡萝卜素，β-隐黄素和维生素C。妇女有较高的血浆浓度的胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，磷酸盐和铜，但较低的指数的铁和维生素D的地位，比男性，这些性别差异的地位并没有改变列入相应的营养摄入量的模型。英国老年人在食物选择、能量和营养摄入以及营养血液状况指数方面存在性别差异，尤其是65-79岁的人。在80岁及以上的年龄组中，一些地位差异减弱，而另一些则增强。食物或营养素的数量和类型与营养状况之间的关系是复杂的。关于血管疾病的可疑风险和保护因素，65-79岁的女性血浆α-和β-胡萝卜素，抗坏血酸盐，HDL-胆固醇和同型半胱氨酸的状况明显更好;但是，相反。他们的血液血红蛋白浓度较低，总胆固醇和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度较高。
Objectives: To determine the patterns and possible explanations for gender differences in food choices, nutrient intakes and status indices, especially for micronutrients, in a representative sample of older people living in Britain, who participated in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 y and over during 1994-95.Design: The Sun ey procedures included a health-and-lifestyle interview, a four-day weighed diet record, anthropometric measurements and a fasting blood sample for biochemical indices.Setting: Eighty randomly-selected postcode sectors from mainland Britain.Subjects: Of 1556 older people not living in institutions who were interview, 80% agreed to provide a complete four-day diet record and 63% agreed to give a blood sample for status index measurements.Interventions: None.Main result: The most highly significant gender differences in food choices were that women ate more butter, full-fat milli and certain beverages, cakes, apples, pears and bananas, whereas men ate more eggs, sugar, certain meat products and drank more alcoholic drinks, especially beer and lager. When adjusted for energy intakes, the younger women (65-79 y) had higher intakes than the younger men, of fat, retinol, vitamin C and calcium. The older women (80 + y) had higher intakes than older men, of fat and vitamin E, but lower intakes of protein, zinc and alpha-carotene. The younger women had better status indices than the younger men: for alpha- and beta-carotenes, beta-cryptoxanthin and vitamin C. Women had higher plasma concentrations of cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, phosphate and copper, but lower indices of iron and vitamin D status, than men, These gender differences in status were not altered by inclusion of the corresponding nutrient intakes in the model.Conclusions: There are gender differences in food choices, in energy and nutrient intakes and in nutritional blood status indices in older British people, especially those aged 65-79 y. Some of the status differences are attenuated in the age group of 80 y and older, whereas others are enhanced. The relationships between the quantity and type of foods or nutrients consumed, and nutrient status, are complex. With respect to suspected risk and protective factors for vascular disease, women aged 65-79 y had significantly better status for plasma alpha-and beta-carotene, ascorbate, HDL-cholesterol and homocysteine; but, in contrast. they had lower blood haemoglobin concentrations and higher concentrations of total and non-HDL-cholesterol.