Maturation of executive function in autism
Maturation of executive function in autism
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.030
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发表时间：
2007-02-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Sweeney, John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luna, Beatriz;Doll, Sara K.;Sweeney, John A.
背景：在自闭症患者的不同年龄段都有执行功能障碍的报道。然而，目前尚不清楚这种损伤何时出现，以及它的表现如何受发育影响。
方法：61名非智力障碍的自闭症参与者（AUT）和61名在年龄、性别和智商上匹配的正常发育参与者（CON）接受了两项眼动执行功能任务评估，即眼动延迟反应任务（ODR）和反向眼跳任务（AS），以及一项视觉引导眼跳感觉运动任务（VGS）。
结果：在所有测试年龄中，自闭症组在反应抑制和空间工作记忆方面均表现出损伤。两组在感觉运动处理速度和自主反应抑制方面的发育改善相似，这表明行为的某些注意力控制未受影响。然而，自闭症组在启动认知计划的速度以及随时间保持信息在线方面的发育进展受损，这表明工作记忆发育异常。
结论：这些结果表明，虽然执行功能障碍在整个发育过程中都存在，但有证据表明自闭症患者的执行功能存在典型和非典型的发育进展。发育改善所暗示的可塑性可能对旨在提高自闭症个体认知能力的适当发育阶段和干预类型具有影响。
Background Executive c dysfunction has been reported at different ages in autism. It is not clear however. when ibis impairment emerges or bow its expression is affected by development.Methods: 61 non-mentally retarded autism participants (AUT) and 61 age, gender, and IQ matched typically developing participants (CON) were assessed with two oculomotor executive function tasks, the oculomotor delayed response task (ODR) and the antisaccade task (AS), as well as a visually-guided saccade sensorimotor task (VGS).Results: The AUT group demonstrated impairments in response inhibition and spatial working memory at all ages tested. Developmental improvements in speed of sensorimotor processing and voluntary response inhibition were similar in both groups indicating sparing of some attentional control of behavior. Developmental progression in the speed of initiating a cognitive plan and maintaining information on line over time, however, was impaired in the AUT group indicating abnormal development of working memory.Conclusions: These results indicate that while executive dsyfunction is present throughout development, there is evidence for both typical and atypical developmental progression of executive functions in autism. The plasticity suggested by the developmental improvements may have implications regarding appropriate developmental epochs and types of interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive capacities in individuals with autism.