Social media sway: Worries over political misinformation on Twitter attract scientists' attention
Social media sway: Worries over political misinformation on Twitter attract scientists' attention
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社交媒体影响力：对推特上政治错误信息的担忧引起了科学家的注意
DOI：
10.1002/scin.5591820826
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Ehrenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Ehrenberg
马萨诸塞州韦尔斯利学院的穆斯塔法拉吉说，早在 2006 年，即 Twitter 诞生的那一年，肮脏的数字政治伎俩就是玩弄网络搜索引擎。例如，在 2006 年中期国会选举期间，左倾团体“我的直接民主”试图操纵搜索结果，以提高有关共和党现任议员的负面报道的知名度。 2006 年，在谷歌上搜索“悲惨的失败”就会出现乔治·W·布什总统的网站。到 2008 年国会选举时，由于谷歌调整了其搜索算法，此类策略基本上变得无效。穆斯塔法拉杰和梅塔克萨斯的分析发现，在这些选举期间，关于候选人的查询的前五个谷歌结果始终会出现候选人的官方网站、他们的竞选网站和维基百科条目。（今天，谷歌搜索“悲惨失败”的第一个结果会出现定义“谷歌炸弹”的维基百科条目。）也有一些例外。对于 2008 年路易斯安那州共和党参议员候选人，一些搜索结果仍然是否定的。去年 6 月，穆斯塔法拉吉和梅塔克萨斯在麻省理工学院的研讨会上发表了一份后来的分析报告，将其中一个页面的突出表现归咎于自由派博主的操纵。但在很大程度上，游戏搜索引擎已经成为过去。如今，政治噪音制造者可以通过社交媒体平台引导受众访问网站。科克利推特炸弹事件就是这种情况。 Mustafaraj 使用 Twitter 的应用程序编程接口，允许研究人员收集和检查推文
Back in 2006, the year Twitter was born, the going dirty digital political trick was to game Web search engines, says Mustafaraj, of Wellesley College in Massachusetts. During the 2006 midterm congressional elections, for example, the left-leaning group My Direct Democracy tried to manipulate search results to boost the prominence of negative stories about Republican incumbents. Through 2006, searching “miserable failure” on Google brought up President George W. Bush’s website. By the 2008 congressional elections, such tactics became largely ineffective thanks to Google tweaking its search algorithms. An analysis by Mustafaraj and Metaxas found that during those elections, the top five Google results for queries about candidates consistently yielded the candidates’ official websites, their campaign websites and their Wikipedia entries.(Today, the first result of a Google search for “miserable failure” yields the Wikipedia entry defining “Google bomb.”)There were a few exceptions. For the Republican 2008 senatorial candidate for Louisiana, some search results were still negative. A later analysis by Mustafaraj and Metaxas, presented at an MIT workshop last June, pinned the prominence of one of the pages on manipulation by liberal bloggers. But for the most part gaming search engines is a thing of the past. Today, political noisemakers can direct an audience to websites through social media platforms. Such was the case with the Coakley Twitter bomb. Using Twitter’s application programming interface, which allows researchers to collect and examine tweets, Mustafaraj