Patterns in open vent, strombolian behavior at Fuego volcano, Guatemala, 2005-2007
Patterns in open vent, strombolian behavior at Fuego volcano, Guatemala, 2005-2007
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DOI：
10.1007/s00445-009-0305-7
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Chigna, Gustavo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lyons, John J.;Waite, Gregory P.;Chigna, Gustavo
危地马拉的富埃戈火山是一座高（3，800米）的复合火山，喷发出富含气体的高铝玄武岩，经常发生爆炸。它在一个基本上开放的喷口条件下度过了许多年，但这种活动迄今为止尚未被广泛观察或记录。这座火山高耸在一个有数万人的地区之上，因此其活动模式可能具有减轻灾害的应用。我们在Fuego（2005-2007）进行了2年的连续观测，在此期间，活动包括轻微爆炸，持续脱气，阵发性喷发和熔岩流。从中分辨率成像光谱仪的辐射热输出与观测到的喷发行为的变化，特别是在突然变化，从被动熔岩渗出阵发性喷发。在研究期间的最后6个月安装的一个短周期地震仪和两个低频麦克风记录了持续的火山震颤（1-3赫兹）和各种爆炸性喷发。地震震颤、热输出和每日观测数据之间的显著相关性定义了一种重复喷发行为的模式：1）被动熔岩渗出和从属的斯特龙博利爆炸，其次是2）产生持续喷发柱、长而快速就位的熔岩流、块体和灰流的阵发性喷发，最后是3）不连续的脱气爆炸，没有熔岩渗出。这项研究表明了低成本观测以及地面和卫星遥感在查明不发达国家偏远地区火山活动变化方面的效用。
Fuego volcano, Guatemala is a high (3,800 m) composite volcano that erupts gas-rich, high-Al basalt, often explosively. It spends many years in an essentially open vent condition, but this activity has not been extensively observed or recorded until now. The volcano towers above a region with several tens of thousands of people, so that patterns in its activity might have hazard mitigation applications. We conducted 2 years of continuous observations at Fuego (2005-2007) during which time the activity consisted of minor explosions, persistent degassing, paroxysmal eruptions, and lava flows. Radiant heat output from MODIS correlates well with observed changes in eruptive behavior, particularly during abrupt changes from passive lava effusion to paroxysmal eruptions. A short-period seismometer and two low-frequency microphones installed during the final 6 months of the study period recorded persistent volcanic tremor (1-3 Hz) and a variety of explosive eruptions. The remarkable correlation between seismic tremor, thermal output, and daily observational data defines a pattern of repeating eruptive behavior: 1) passive lava effusion and subordinate strombolian explosions, followed by 2) paroxysmal eruptions that produced sustained eruptive columns, long, rapidly emplaced lava flows, and block and ash flows, and finally 3) periods of discrete degassing explosions with no lava effusion. This study demonstrates the utility of low-cost observations and ground-based and satellite-based remote sensing for identifying changes in volcanic activity in remote regions of underdeveloped countries.