Mechanical work as an indirect measure of subjective costs influencing human movement.
Mechanical work as an indirect measure of subjective costs influencing human movement.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0031143
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kuo AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zelik KE;Kuo AD
下楼梯时，你宁愿走路还是摔倒？跌倒似乎有一些明显的缺点，如疼痛或受伤的风险。但是，步行的首选策略也需要使用活动肌肉进行负功的成本。因此，一个人选择执行的工作量和分配可能反映了对主动肌肉努力和其他成本（如疼痛）之间权衡的主观评估。在这里，我们使用一个简单的跳跃着陆实验来量化人类更喜欢执行的工作，以消散着陆的能量。我们发现，健康的正常受试者（N = 8）更喜欢在一系列着陆高度上进行比最低必要（P<0.001）多37%的负功的策略。 这就需要额外的积极工作来恢复站立休息姿势，突出了这种偏好的成本。受试者还能够调节着陆工作的量，以及它在主动和被动组织之间的分布。当被指示轻轻着陆时，他们比必要的工作多做了76%（P<0.001），其中来自活动肌肉的比例更高（89% vs. 84%，P<0.001）。由一名受试者进行的僵硬腿着陆演示显示出接近最小的工作量，其中更多的工作是通过软组织变形被动进行的（僵硬着陆中至少30%，首选16%）。在跳跃着陆过程中，人类似乎并没有将肌肉的工作减少到最低限度，而是选择执行一致的额外工作量，大概是为了避免其他主观成本。工作量未减到最少的程度可能会间接量化本来难以计量的成本的相对估值。
To descend a flight of stairs, would you rather walk or fall? Falling seems to have some obvious disadvantages such as the risk of pain or injury. But the preferred strategy of walking also entails a cost for the use of active muscles to perform negative work. The amount and distribution of work a person chooses to perform may, therefore, reflect a subjective valuation of the trade-offs between active muscle effort and other costs, such as pain. Here we use a simple jump landing experiment to quantify the work humans prefer to perform to dissipate the energy of landing. We found that healthy normal subjects (N = 8) preferred a strategy that involved performing 37% more negative work than minimally necessary (P<0.001) across a range of landing heights. This then required additional positive work to return to standing rest posture, highlighting the cost of this preference. Subjects were also able to modulate the amount of landing work, and its distribution between active and passive tissues. When instructed to land softly, they performed 76% more work than necessary (P<0.001), with a higher proportion from active muscles (89% vs. 84%, P<0.001). Stiff-legged landings, performed by one subject for demonstration, exhibited close to the minimum of work, with more of it performed passively through soft tissue deformations (at least 30% in stiff landings vs. 16% preferred). During jump landings, humans appear not to minimize muscle work, but instead choose to perform a consistent amount of extra work, presumably to avoid other subjective costs. The degree to which work is not minimized may indirectly quantify the relative valuation of costs that are otherwise difficult to measure.
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作者：
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