Expanding the evolutionary explanations for sex differences in the human skeleton
Expanding the evolutionary explanations for sex differences in the human skeleton
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DOI：
10.1002/evan.21834
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发表时间：
2020-05-02
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Dunsworth, Holly M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dunsworth, Holly M.
虽然人类生殖的解剖学和生理学在两性之间有所不同，但激素对骨骼生长的影响却没有。人类骨骼的生长依赖于雌激素。卵巢分泌更多的雌激素，导致女性体内的骨骼比男性更早融合，从而导致成年后身高和体重的性别差异。女性的骨盆比男性扩张得更大，这是由于骨盆区域组织产生和使用雌激素和松弛素，也可能是由于女性性腺和生殖器占据了更大的内部空间。对骨骼性别差异（又称两性二态性）的进化解释过于狭隘地关注于强壮的有竞争力的男性和宽大的生育女性，必须考虑骨骼生长的适应性生物学及其对生殖发育生理学的依赖。在这种情况下，将进化分为近于终极的分类可能会阻碍人类进化科学的进步，也会导致对它的普遍误解和滥用。
While the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction differ between the sexes, the effects of hormones on skeletal growth do not. Human bone growth depends on estrogen. Greater estrogen produced by ovaries causes bones in female bodies to fuse before males' resulting in sex differences in adult height and mass. Female pelves expand more than males' due to estrogen and relaxin produced and employed by the tissues of the pelvic region and potentially also due to greater internal space occupied by female gonads and genitals. Evolutionary explanations for skeletal sex differences (aka sexual dimorphism) that focus too narrowly on big competitive men and broad birthing women must account for the adaptive biology of skeletal growth and its dependence on the developmental physiology of reproduction. In this case, dichotomizing evolution into proximate-ultimate categories may be impeding the progress of human evolutionary science, as well as enabling the popular misunderstanding and abuse of it.