Ethanol production from sugars derived from plant biomass by a novel fungus
Ethanol production from sugars derived from plant biomass by a novel fungus
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通过一种新型真菌从植物生物质中提取的糖生产乙醇
DOI：
10.1038/321887a0
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
D. Updegraff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Wu;S. M. Lastick;D. Updegraff
随着不可再生化石燃料储量的减少，将可再生植物生物质，特别是有机废物转化为燃料或化学品的概念继续受到关注1。纤维素和半纤维素占植物生物量的70%以上，是生物圈中含量最丰富的两种有机化合物，存在于农业和林业以及蔬菜和水果加工以及城市废物处理产生的废物中。将这些废物回收利用，生产有用的产品，有助于防止污染。植物生物质经酶解或酸解后，主要产生纤维二糖、木糖和葡萄糖，以及甘露糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖。微生物可以在高浓度下将如此广泛的糖发酵成高浓度的乙醇，这在以前还没有报道。本文报道了一种新的真菌--拟青霉。NF1，它能够发酵植物生物质水解制乙醇所产生的所有主要糖。在木糖发酵中，当木糖浓度从20 g L−1增加到200g时，该真菌的乙醇产量几乎不变。该真菌还能从葡萄糖、果糖、纤维二糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和核糖中获得较好的乙醇产量，以及纤维素和半纤维素的同时糖化发酵和植物生物质的酸解产物。
The concept of transforming renewable plant biomass, and in particular organic waste, to fuels or chemicals continues to attract attention as nonrenewable fossil fuel reserves decrease1,2. Cellulose and hemicellulose, which comprise more than 70% of plant biomass and are the two most abundant organic compounds in the biosphere, occur in the wastes from agriculture and forestry as well as from vegetable and fruit processing and municipal waste treatment. Recycling of these wastes to useful products helps to prevent pollution. After enzymatic or acid hydrolysis, plant biomass yields mostly cellobiose, xylose and glucose together with mannose, galactose and arabinose. Microorganisms which can ferment such a wide range of sugars, at high concentrations, into a high concentration of ethanol have not been reported previously. Here we report on a novel fungus,Paecilomycessp. NF1, which is capable of fermenting all of the major sugars derived from hydrolysis of plant biomass to ethanol. In xylose fermentation, the ethanol yield of this fungus remained almost unchanged when the concentration of xylose was increased from 20 to 200 g l−1. The fungus also produced good yields of ethanol from glucose, fructose, cellobiose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and ribose, as well as from the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose with hemicellulose, and from acid hydrolysates of plant biomass.