Transport and Accumulation in Biological Systems
Transport and Accumulation in Biological Systems
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生物系统中的运输和积累
DOI：
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发表时间：
1957
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Harold J. Norowitz
中科院分区：
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作者：
Harold J. Norowitz
这本书中的许多信息对于研究人类的学生来说并不容易在一个地方获得。奇怪的是，书中很少或根本没有提到神经系统的结构和功能在将人与动物区分开来的一件事中所起的作用，即人类行为。神经系统的复杂性，就像头发、颜色、牙齿、骨骼等特征一样，是人类生殖发育和个体发育的产物。人类之所以成为人类，是因为所有这些特性，但他不仅仅是这些，因为神经系统令人难以置信的复杂性赋予了他在其他动物身上找不到的定性属性。这是一本有用的和可读的书，只要人们不停止他的考虑与纯粹的生物学方法。这本书的前言陈述了作者的目的：“这卷代表了试图收集一些最近发表的关于细胞无机化学和无机和简单有机物质在细胞及其周围环境之间运动的动力学的大量信息的结果。“在这一目标，作者取得了显着的成功，这是显而易见的近700引用。哈里斯博士知识的广度为这项工作提供了优势。然而，优点也暴露了缺点;为了获得如此广泛的报道，有必要对许多主题提出相当肤浅的看法。生物学中的运输问题非常深刻，挑战了我们对物理化学许多方面的基本理解。以每个问题一页的速度通读这些问题的目录有点令人不安。例如，在第38页讨论渗透作用时，哈里斯博士说，“在没有流体静压差的情况下，没有力作用在液体上，作为一个整体产生净流量。“尤辛、帕彭海默和其他人的工作严重挑战了这一说法，当然值得讨论。有时很难确定目标受众。例如，在第17页上出现了一个简单的讨论渗透特性的基本物理化学书籍;这是其次是第20页的十参数方程，这是调用没有太多的准备或解释。在整本书中，许多正式的数学发展假设.
of information in the book not readily available in one place to students of man. Strangely enough, there is little or no reference to the part which the structure and function of the nervous system plays in the one thing which separates man from the animals, namely, human behavior. The complexities of the nervous system are just as much a product of the phylogeny and ontogeny of the human race as the characteristics of hair, color, teeth, bones, etc. Man is what he is because of all of these properties, but he is something more than these because the incredible complexity of the nervous system endows him with qualitative attributes not to be found in other animals. This is a useful and readable book providing one does not stop his consideration with the purely biological approach. The foreword of this book states the author's aims: "This volume represents the result of an attempt to gather together some of the extensive amount of information which has been published more recently on the subjects of cellular inorganic chemistry and the kinetics of movement of inorganic and simple organic substances between cells and their surroundings ." In this aim the author has succeeded remarkably well as is evident by the almost 700 references which are cited. The breadth of Dr. Harris' knowledge provides the strong point of this work. The strong point, however, also exposes the weak point; in attaining such broad coverage it has been necessary to present a rather superficial view of many topics. The problems of transport in biology are very profound and challenge our fundamental understanding of many aspects of physical chemistry. It is somewhat disconcerting to read through a catalogue of these problems at the rate of a page per problem. For example, on page 38 in discussing osmosis Dr. Harris states, "In the absence of hydrostatic pressure difference there is no force acting on the liquid as a whole to produce a net flow." The work of Ussing, Pappenheimer and others seriously challenges this statement and certainly deserves discussion. It is sometimes difficult to determine the intended audience. For example, on page 17 there appears a simple discussion of osmosis characteristic of elementary physical chemistry books; this is followed on page 20 by a ten parameter equation which is called up without very much preparation or explanation. Throughout the book many of the formal mathematical developments assume …